The Study Of The Bronze 'Fu' In The Eastern And Western Zhou Periods

The bronze 'fu' is one of the main sacrificial vessels during the Pre-Qinperiod, which played on important role in Bronze Composition. It primarily appearedin the early age of western Zhou dynasty, bloomed in the spring and autumn period,declined in the Warring Period, totally disappeared in Qin and Han dynasties. For itsimportant status in bronze cultural research, the research of 'fu' is too limited to shapeits monograph. This paper takes the 'fu' as the target research, which no only extendsthe field of 'fu' research, but also of great significance in studying the history, normsand social life of the western and eastern Zhou periods.On the foundation of previous research and the archaeological documents, thispaper also absorbs the records from the past dynasties, takes the statistics,archaeological taxonomy and cultural analysis, etc, to study the naming, taxonomy,division combination, regional style and the rise and fall of the bronze 'fu'.The first part, naming. This paper avoids the past mono-research of phonology,tries to take the statistical method to analyses the naming of 'fu', which comes a resultthat the name of 'fu' matches its time. In order to exclude the possibilities of short-termnaming and occasionally naming, it also applies both historical records and phonologyto discuss whether the name should be 'fu' or 'do', identifying that 'fu' is a coveredsquare vessel.The second part, taxonomy. This paper uses the archaeological taxonomy toclassify the 'fu', which pointed out the various characteristics of 'fu' of differentperiods, and the regularity of its changing.The third part, division. This paper takes its own evolution as the center, combingthe ornamentation developing, character chrematistics, the regularity of combination aswell as the development of foundry technology; examines the ground level of thebronze, to form the basic frame of the family tree of 'fu', and to establish the sandaracvessel and sub-standard vessel in different periods.The fourth part, combination. The research of this paper is on the base ofscientific unearthing bronzes, which had to stealing interruption. It considers the timeas the main clue to examine the various combination in different periods, which has pointed out the position of 'fu' in bronze combination as well as the norms changing.The fifth part, regional style. This paper exercises the cultural analysis to makecomparison research of various unearthing 'fu' of regions, discusses the style of thevarious regional 'fu', checks the relation between the development of 'fu' and the riseand fall of the vessel countries, which shapes the bi-ancestry of 'fu' in south and northof the eastern and western Zhou dynasties, provides the 'Chu' culture expanding withtheoretical foundation.The sixth part, rise and fall. The paper takes the idea that 'fu' came from thebamboo and wood vessels in southern. Because of Zhou people's appreciation ofcooking vessels, the appearance of 'fu' fills the blank of square vessel in bronzesacrificial vessels. Therefore, it was the production of emphasis food of Zhou culture,not production of Ji Zhou culture. As the bronze 'Dui' the bronze 'He', etc, as well asother new square vessel appeared, the room for 'fu' was narrow down and disappearedeventually. In addition, the fall of 'fu' was under the falling, Qin's against to 'fu' wasanother important reason for its speedy fall.