Copper Research Jia,

Jia,according to its texture,can be divided into pottery and bronze ones.The pottery Jia is one of the special historical remains of the Chinese ancient culture,with the characteristics of wide spread,large quantity and long used.Master Su Bingqi once said that it was "the sparks of Chinese civilization",which plays an important role in guiding the study of ancient China's culture.Bronze jia functioned as an important vessel in three dynasties between 2000BC and 12th BC,and is of great significance in studying the ritual system and social life at the time.This article aims at exploring jia on the basis of predecessors' works and the combination of the information collected or handed down form ancient times in the way of cliometrics,typology and cultural analysis,which has the following parts.Introduction,which mainly introduces the general ideas of Bronze jia in academic circles and has two periods of time divided by the landmark of the publication of《shang zhou yi qi tong kao》in 1940s.Before 40s,the study of Bronze jia just limited itself in the scope of antiquarianism.After 40s, benefiting from the discoveries of pottery jia and Bronze jia,the concerning study has been going into all-round scientific stage:one hand,the archaeological report,the antique catalog concerned with jia,one the other hand,the study of how to name jia and its function and so on.In the first chapter,the author summarizes some predecessors' work on how to name Bronze jia and its function.On this foundation,we still call it jia for its convenience before new information appears. There are some mistakes in the predecessors' works for they only found jia is used for nude etiquette and didn't point out its specific use clearly.The author,on the basis of documents and archaeological discoveries,upholds that Bronze jia was used as a contained to make wine at the early and middle of Shang Dynasty and as a wine vessel since the end of the dynasty.In the second chapter,firstly,the article introduces the relationship between pottery jia and Bronze jia,the latter imitated the shape of pottery jia.Then the author explores the origin of pottery jia and finds it doesn't has just only one origin but many and was probably appeared in Tiger region of Inner Mongolia and Yiluo region at the same time.According to its shape,Chinajia can be classified into four sorts and the author also make a clearer idea of each evolution.In the third chapter,according to the form quality and the transverse,Bronze jia can be classified into four sorts.Each sort has its subbranches.The absolute chronology of all kinds of jia,based on the study of unearthed Bronze jia be obtained. In the fourth chapter,the burial changes in different period can be learned,according to the discoveries of the objects' organization in unearthed tombs.Bronze jia gradually played a less important role in ritual vessels.The same will be true in copper ware.And the changes of ritual system can be inferred from its position in the tombs.In the fifth chapter,the article explores the integrated research of Bronze jia,including the study of its design and the regional characteristics.And the author lays a special stress on its design's characteristics of the age and the relationship between its ornamentation and the form quality.The changes can be discovered through sobering the organization of the design in the different period of time. The study of its regional characteristics mainly refers to the investigations of its distributions in the unearthed sites and regional characteristics.In sixth chapter,the author states Bronze jia in its evolution was influenced by jue and zun and shares some similarities with them.In academic circle,many scholars are arguing about now to name and bottle—shaped jia.Analyzing the collected material,the author thinks it is not the key to decide whether the products of a culture are called jia or not.Therefore,those objects are still called jia.In conclusion,the article explores the reason why Bronze jia has disappeared.