The Song Dynasty Coins Outflow

This paper mainly discussed the circumstances that the copper coins running outside in the Song Dynasty.In fact the phenomenon that copper coins running outside had been since the ancient times, however, Song's more serious than anything former dynasty.This paper is divided into six parts:The first part, discussed the running direction of Song's copper coins. The area that the copper coins running outside in the Song period is very extensive and this paper divided into two aspects that include the minority region regimes and the oversea countries to analyse. The minority region regimes that the copper coins running to includes Liao, Xixia, Jin, Dali,Tobo and so on, the oversea countries include Japan, Gaoli, Jiaozhi and the countries of southeast Asia,south Asia, the west Asia etc.The second part, analyse the reason for copper coins running outside. The reason that a great deal of keep on constantly running outside in the period of Song Dynasty, there mostly have seveval reasons as follows:Song's copper coins is very extensive used in the abroad countries, which is the fundamental reason. In the Song Dynasty commodity economic in height development, has greatly stimulated the society's need of currency, in order to satisfy society's need, a great deal of coins minted by the ruler of the song past dynasties, a great deal of coins minting provided a premise to copper coins running to outside; At that time, the countries that surrounding china their commodity economic has already had a certain development, their need for money was increasing continually, but because of oneself condition limited their currency either the quantity little, or the quality poor, it's hard to satisfied of the commodity circulate's require, so have to introduced Song's copper coins and use it.Song copper coins had value stability and good credit, this is the countries abroad of song at that time not have,it's also the key reason cause Song copper coins running outside. Additionally Song's copper coins at abroad it's purchasing power than domestic,can obtain high profit, for these above,copper coins disregards the official law ban, breaks through Song's forbid and running to these nations.The third part, analytical the path and way that copper coins running outside. Total of say, copper coins running outside have two kinds paths, land route and sea route.Land route mainly through the border running outside. In the period of Northern Song, copper coins through Song's border area Hebei and Xiongzhou, Ansuguangxin army where along the border of Hebei running to Liao; Through song's border area "guweizhai" to Xixia; In addition, through "He,Min,LanZhou"the border of Song,the copper coins also running outside. In Southern Song period, copper coins running outside mainly through Huainan and jinxiang where is the border of song and Jin Dynasty; Through Song's border "xuyijun army" garrison place there is also copper coins running outside. Through sea route running outside mainly from each port. For example, from Guangzhou, Quanzhou port can arrive the countries of Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia,,from Mingzhou, Hangzhou, HuaTing port can arrive Japan, from Mingzhou, Dengzhou, mizhoubanqiao town, Laizhou, port can arrive Gaoli, from qinzhou,lianzhou port can arrive jiaozhi, from lianzhou port arrive jiaozhi,then lead to Southeast Asia and West Asia countries. From the recording document, copper coins running outside in song dynasty mainly have three way:first is bestow, the second is trade, third is smuggle, among the bestow, have for the tribute by various of countries, is called huici. Still have military exploit or other reasons to bestow. From the whole, through bestow the copper coins running outside is few. In the period of Song through the trade also caused copper coins running outside. Except smuggle, the trade is the most important way. In the trade, government is dominator,as a result copper coins in this way running outside more can be controled. The only way that made the Song government feel helpless is smuggle. This is one of the biggest and the most important way that copper coins running outside.The fourth part, disuss the reaction and coping approach, measures that the Song government be aimed at copper coins running outside. Copper coins running outside in the period of Song which made the copper coins quantity of china quickly reduce, what is more exacerbated the phenomenon that "short of the copper coins",then causing many social problems, for example, the rich and powerful people increase copper coins hoarding in succession, common people melting the bronzes to be coins, folks of private minting more serious etc. Be aimed at this kinds of phenomenons, Song government on hand adopt to relevant measures to alleviate the present condition.Include external carry out export ban. For the sake of have a strict control about the copper coins export, all the past emperors of Song Dynasty usually promulgate the restriction order about the copper coins export; Practice regional monetary policy. At the beginning of Song, inherit former money circulation structure, practice regional monetary policy, take form copper coins circulate area, iron coins circulates area and copper, iron both use area. Internal main increase copper material, practice "copper ban ". The contents include: exploit and smelt the copper mine, obtained the original copper only can to purchase by nation, forbid the folks exploit and occupy to original copper. Ordinary, the bronze selled from official workshop, forbid personally made. Forbid hold a copper departure. In the later period of the Northern Dynasty and Southern Dynasty, had held several large-scale activity of searching folk personal owned bronze, the bronze from searching all is used to mint copper coins; Change coins "material proportion". The Song government wants changing coins "material proportion" to resolve the problem that copper coins running outside, as result excluded the good quality currency from circulation field, then caused "the objects valued more than coins", even commodity price jumping. On the other hand, Song government reward the people who keep copper coins from running outside. Which include officials and common people whoever report the copper coins running outside. Copper coins running outside during the whole Song Dynasty which bring about many unfavorable influence on the social development, this problem caused society many foreigners of insight's concern, scholars, officials to pay attention the henomenon, announced own opinion and proposes the corresponding count ermeasures.The fifth part, discuss the influence by copper coins running outside. A great deal of copper coins of billowing running outside, in spite of to Song Dynasty or the abroad countries, both to produce very profound influence. First, Song's copper coins as a kind of important commodities running to abroad countries, promoted the two parties'trade communication, strengthened the economic contact, from a certain meaning, coin's running outside is an important link of Song Dynasty and abroad countries economic contact; Secondly, promoted these nations monetary economy is development, this paper with Jin and Gaoli's monetary economy of development for the example take into analytical. The third, copper coins running outside to also turn worse the phenomenon of "short of copper coins"; At last, produced important influence to two parties' monetary policy, as the Song Dynasty, always try his best to keep coins from running outside, in order to causing currency circulating turbulence。But the minority region regimes surrounding China and oversea countries want absorbs song coins in a more great extent. For this, they formulated a series of policies and measures, one of important is to adjust nation's currency circulating policy. The last part is the conclusion. Mainly summarise the contents and opinion of this paper.