On The Evolution Of The Theory Of Modern British Experience On The Entity

In the argument with the continent rationa1ism,the modernEngland empiricism eXPerienced the evolution from materialism toidealism and from the theory of Anowable to agnosticism .TheevoIution of emPiricism,in essence, is the evolution of its subStancetheory.The reason of the evolution is not only retated to its emPhasison experience,but also retated to the defeats of the old substancetheory from Aristotle. The old substance theory is raised in questionof noumenon. lt emphasis more on the priority and reality of thesubstance than that of the properties. The modern empricism reflectedthe understanding of human being,and hold on the reIiabiIity of.. lempirical understanding. So in the sight of empiricalepistemotogy,the properties could be converted into perceptualideas,but the substance couldn't be done. That the modern empiricismdoubted and negated the old substance theory, it was an inevitabieoutcome.The evolution of England empiricism has not only thenegative meaning,but what's more, it makes us reaIise the defeats ofthe old substance theory, which has great meaning for critique on theontological thinking mode.This thesis has five pats:In the first part, I analysis the source of the substance theory Qf. lthe modern England empiricism. In AIistole's opinion, the substanceis thought in term of noumenon. Though this thesis has the positivemeaing, it includes many defeats, that the substance is seperated fromthe properties. Besides this Part discuss the substance theory in, ]medieval era and Descartes' substance theory.In the second pan, I analysis the "nature--form"theory of Baconand the matter theory of Hobbes. As the founder ofempircisim,Bacon put forward his substance theory.But his theoryhas the feature of the medieval era. The development of empiricismshould overcome it. Hobbes did this work. But because he sawphilosophy as science, he replaced the abstract materical substancewith the concrete material substance, and he negated the spiritualsubstance. Though his theories promoted the development ofempirical epistemology,they brought out many difficu1ties in theory.What' more,there was rudiment of the agnosticism in the theories ofBacon and Hobbes.In the three part,I analysis Locke's substance theory. On thebasis of the substance theory of Aristotle and Descartes.He putfOrward his substance theory. His theory overcomed the defeats ofHobbes'. He saw the substance as a general thing and thought thesubstance has two kinds, which are the material substance and thespiritllal substance. On the sight of emPiricism, the substance as the"sustain "of the ideas, is seperated from the Properties. So theevolution of empiricism reveals the contradiction and the defeats ofthe old substance theory. l also point out that the development of later...empiricism was based on Locke's substance theory.In the four part, I analysis the substance theory of Berkeley.From his complete empiricism, Berkeley thought the matericalsubstance should be negated because of its no energy and nopercePtion. Meantime, he raised the basic idealism formula, Which2was "esse is percipi".By this formula, he affirmed the spiritualsubstance.Though this thoughts has the negative meaning of idealism,his critique on the old substance theory and its ontology thinkingmode has great positive meaning.In the five pan,I analysis the substance theory of Hume. Fromhis perception of theory he insisted on the thorough position ofempirical epistemology .He thought that all kinds of substance wereutheowable. This part points out that Hume' critique on the substancetheory make clear the defeats and contradiction of the old substancetheory. His critique has the positive meaning of ani-metaPhysics andhas important position in history of western philosophy.In the conclusion I generalize the evolution of empiricism andpoint out its meaning and influence.