Tail Of Modern Chinese Children Studied

In the dialects of modern Chinese ,there are plenty of er-endings,which is aspecial characteristic of Chinese.It is an interesting thing to study this commonlinguistic phenomenon .This article makes a careful and thorough study of thedialectal materials of the more than 150 kinds of dialects that the writer collects,mainly using a contemporary and comparative studying methoed. The kinds, types,distributions as well as the characteristics, origins and changing processes arethoroughly studied in this article. The article includes six parts.I.IntroductionThe concepts of "er-ending" and ")Lft' are first defined. They belong todifferent categories, so they are not contradictory or unitary. The er-endingsdiscussed in this article are in broad sense, including the er-endings which canmake a syllable and which can not. The pronunciations of er-endings are just whatthey pronounce in the dialects. The concept of er-ending is wider than that of )LThThere are many many articles on )LTh at present, while only few oner-endings. The er-endings of every kind of dialect are just the studying objectsin this article.This article mainly uses a contemporary and comparative studying methodand also uses a historical and vertical studying method when describes the originsand changing processes of er-endings.IIKinds and Types of Er-endingEr-endings in modern Chinese may be divided into two kinds and fifteentypes according to their nature.The first kind is consonantal er-endings, which can also be divided into seventypes: Type[n], Type[-n], Type[tj], Type[-ij], Type[Ei]or[Die] , Type[I] and Type[-I].The second kind is vowel er-endings, which can be divided into eight types:Type[~r] or [r] ,Type[i], Type[c]orlle], Type [-tu], Type[~r] or Er] , Type[-~ -i~ -u~],Type[-o -io -uo], Type [-e -ie -ue -ye] and Type [c i~ uc yc ei iei uei yei].All these types of er-endings have their own characteristics,which aredescribed respectively in this article.III., Distributions of Er-endings in Modern ChineseThree maps are given in this article, on which all types of er-endings aremarked. And the letters in the maps are the representative types of er-endings.Four characteristics may be discovered through these three maps and they are3described in detail in the article.IVOrigins and Changing Processes of Er-endingsEr-endings are from the notional Chinese word ") L". After ") L" becomes asuffix, its phonic footing also changes. It must first be pronounced in a soft voiceand then merges into the syllable in front of it, missing its own consonants orvowels. What misses its consonants becomes vowel er-endings and what missesits vowels becomes consonantal er-endings today.Consonantal er-endings change in the following steps:[1] -~[-l][L1i]or[Lie]膥 [El 膥 {[nl 膥[-n]Vowel er-endings change in the following steps:[i][e]or[e][-tu][Eic ue yc ei iei uei yei][Li] or [Lie][I] ? [ar] ?[-r] -4[-3-ia -u~] [-~ -13 -U3]t~[-e -ie -ue -ye]V... Reasons of the Changing of Er-endingsRules of the construction of Chinese words are the first reason.The er-endings' influence in the ~i~I ~E ~ language family is the directreason. This influence may begin from the Song Dynasty. Perhaps the er-endingsin ~ language begin to impact the suffix in Chinese. In the Yuan Dynasty, theer-endings in Mongol make a even deeper influence, which leads to the birth of) LI1S. In the Ming Dynasty, ) L~-L is used commonly. And when the QingDynasty comes into being, the er-endings in Peple ~ impacts ) L{L more fiercely.As a result, it becomes properous.VISummary...