Japanese Anti-yoshida Camp Policy Towards America

With the transformation of the policy America took toward Japan, the pre-war Japanese Politicians were removed purge one after another and returned to the political circles. They formed strong anti-Yoshida factions centered on Hatoyama. The Anti-Yoshida School proposed its own policy toward America which was different from Yoshida's pro-America course. The stand and action of Anti-Yoshida group not only shook the rule of the Yoshida regime but also brought profound effect on later Japanese political courses. The proposition and action of Japanese policy toward America also invoked American's response and forced the U.S.A. to yield to Japan. The studies of Anti-Yoshida faction not only enable us to examine the politics of Japan but also help us explore the sequences of Japan-America reaction from a new perspective.This paper is made up of five parts.Prologue expounds the research condition in this field. The academic circles pay little attention to Anti-Yoshida group, while it had profound effect on domestic politics of Japan and on Japan-America relation. It is necessary to make deep studies.Part one introduces the historical background of Anti-Yoshida group on the basis of the latest materials. The Yoshida regime chose the course of coordination with America after it was established. This was mainly reflected on the policy toward China, which centered on "Two Chinas" and catered to the need of American's Asian strategy. It didn't give diplomatic recognition to China politically and intended to realize the proposition of "the kingdom of Japan-Taiwan" and it entrusted Japanese defense to America while the regime itself pursued the course of "economy the first and gradually increasing the arms".Part two mainly narrates the proposition of Anti-Yoshida group's policy toward America. Anti-Yoshida group put forward the course of self-help after it was formed. And diplomatically it advocated improving the relations with Communist countries such as China and Soviet and developing trade relations. It emphasizes modifying Constitutions and reorganizing arms so as to set up self-defense system.Part three discusses the practice of Anti-Yoshida group's policytoward America. Hatoyama's cabinet actively pushed the normalization of Japan and Soviet forward and joining the UN and encouraged developing nongovernmental trade and quickened the pace of resuming arms Ushikashi basically inherited Hatoyama's policies while Kishi strived for the equality of the relations between Japan and America and modification of "the treaty of Japan-America safety and safeguard " and opposing Soviet and Communism.Part four analyzes American's policy toward Anti-Yoshida group and its different responses to practices. On the problem of reorganizing troops, Anti-Yoshida group's stand made America believe that Japan would break away from the Freedom Camp so America adjusted its policy toward Japan and supported Yoshida's course. On the problem of resuming diplomatic relations between Japan and Soviet, the U.S.A. supported but didn't allow the negotiations effecting Okinawa's interests. On the problem of relaxing "China difference", Japan propelled America to make a concession and even abolishing "China difference".Part five outlines Anti-Yoshida faction's impact on later Japanese political course. After 1960s Japan strengthened its economy and paid more and more attention on self-help and widely developed relations so as to promote the level of arms and take back Okinawa and free itself from dependence on the U.S. and become a big power.The epilogue sums up the whole thesis. Although Anti-Yoshida school's stand toward American policy were against that of Yoshida group, both were to realize the nation's interests in the end.