| The pre-emptive usage of the deixis is to say that when people refer to an object, they can use some deitic expressions or reference words, but usually people will use deitic expressions first. The anti-pre-emptive usage of the deixis is people use reference words prefer to using the deitic expressions. The nature of the pre-emptive usage of the deixis is to study the function of the deitic expressions in in the speech act.We found that we had a lot of mistakes in the deitic expressions. Traditionally we thought the function of these words is substitution, but in fact these theory couldn't explain the function of these words correctly. So we should start our study from the speech act. We found a lot of deitic expressions have the character of self-reference. These deitic expressions can express the people' idea, and at the same time they have the very important function which is to set up a speech act and to keep it. We use the new methods to classify the deitic expressions.We found that the pre-emptive usage is connect to the self-reference of the deixis. We call these functions as self-organize functions. Person dectic words is to decide the role in the speech act, and time and place dectic words is to let people know the exact time and place in the speech act.We also study the anti-pre-emptive usage of the deixis. We found that the pre-emptive usage of the deixis is not always exist, which will be influenced by a lot of factors. For example, adjust function and description function have the competence relationship with. If the self-organize function is stronger than the adjust function or the description function, we will meet the pre-emptive usage. If the adjust function or the description function is stronger than the self-organize function, we will meet the anti-pre-emptive usage.We also study the problem of the pre-emptive usage and the anti-pre-emptive usage in the Teaching Chinese as a Second Language. We give some practical suggestions to the teachers and students in the TCSL. |
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