Western Art Forms Of The Twentieth Century Theory

In the eyes of westerners, the world is a world of entity, the concretization of which is form. Because the western arts are restricted by the principle of form, there must be the principle of form beauty in art creation and art appreciation. In the time of ancient Greek and Rome, there were four concepts of form Pythagoreans' mathematical form, Plato's idea, Aristotle's four causes, and Horatius' decorum. In modern time, I. Kant claimed transcendental form, while Hegal the olualism idea of "content and form". Though concise analysis and comprehension, they started a new era for formal aesthetic, and set a base for the modern development of the study of formal aesthetics. Especially in 20 century, western formal aesthetics is the most prosperous and splendid time. No matter the Russian formalism or the new criticism or structuralism, the symbol form of symbol aesthetics or the concept of fable criticism and Gestalt aesthetics, is definitely very significant to enrich our rational thought towards literature art, especially to enlarge our rational thought towards appreciation of the beautiful and art form.In the aesthetic theories of 20 century, it is known that the modern aesthetic schools such as Russian formalism, the new criticism, structuralism pay high attention to aesthetic implication. Although the so-called external investigation schools more or less can't stand the temptation, some of which even contemplate the form of art carefully unconsciously. As far as I'm concerned, these influential theoretical schools not only promoted the study towards the theory of form, but also proved that the human's whole aesthetic judgment had reached a new gradation and level.Generally speaking, formalism schools in 20 century share a lot of similarity in theory and opinions. Each school explained pantly, relatively truth in respective field, and herited the traditional form ration with criticism. This fact is related to the foundation of a new ration, which is in form of art to knowand construct the beautiful world fuitable to the existence state and aim. People pursue the form of art persistently mainly in the following four aspects: to take form l)as the objective categories; 2) as the subjective categories, 3)as non-objective or non-subjective categories, and 4),as the combination of subjective and objective. They formed the building of new formal rationalism. Realizing this fact, we can claim that the formal aesthetics has developed to a mature stage. At the turn of 20 century, influenced by saussure's linguistic theory, western philosophy developed from episternology-centered level to linguistic-centered level. In contemporary western cultural theories, form Russian formalism, prague school, semantics and new criticism school to constructism, study of symbol and even deconstructism, focus the central position of linguistics, though the concrete theoretical opinions are very different. For example, Russian formalism accepted and appreciated. Saussure's linguistic opinion and method to study literature, and considered that cultural criticism should mainly study the internal rule of literature itself; new criticism also focused on studying "text" and "texture", while constructism went beyond new criticism's limit of the analysis of single work's linguistic skills, and took the concrete works as literature "parole", then through text analysis, discovered the deep cultural structure (language or common grammar). The philosophy of linguistics focused mainly on "how do we express the essence of the world we know". The form of art is a system of several specific gradation of structures, that's to say, it existed as a system. The gradations of form are not a mechanically organized progress, but a continuous and changeable interaction progress. Each structure has several gradations and aspects, and each structure has its superficial and deep structure. Through the review of western formalism in 20 century, this thesis explains the "Combination of diversities principle from the aspects of "organic combination" and "complex...