Constituted By The Central Bureaucracy Of The Nanjing National Government (1927-1937)

After the foundation of the Nanjing National Government, the personnel systematic construction was under the way .A few intellectuals obtained posts in the government by taking governmental official exams. Nevertheless, the principles of equality, publicity, competition and selection were contrary to KMT's political system of bureaucray,which caused the failure of the governmental official system. As a result, large quantities of officials entered different sections of the Nanjing National Government through the Chinese traditional approaches such as territorial link, blood link, teacher-student or classmates link and potical groups.During the ten years before Anti-Japanese War, the accordance between the central officials' professional knowledge and their posts was on the rise.The officials' educational background, knowledge structure and regional elements had a gigantic influence on the constitution of the central officials.Meanwhile,the traditional territorial link, blood link, teacher-student or classmates link and potical groups affected the formation of the officials as well.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,the authorities nearly abandoned the policies made by the Guangzhou-Wuhan National Government that joining KMT was the must of being an official,and carried out the policy of talent under the circumstances of not interfering the governance of KMT,in addition,KMT' s personnel system was not sound,all of which resulted in the phenomena of large quantities of ordinary persons' flooding into the administrative departments.The above two elements caused the inferiority in quantity and quality of KMT members.Furthermore, the benefit of groups substituted for that of KMT thoroughly.Most of the period before Anti-Japanese War belonged to governance-training period, during which KMT authorities were completely unwilling to open the sovereignty participation channels,as a result, the Nanjing National Government was a mixture of military powers,experts and intellectuals. Moreover, most of the central officials entered the administrative departments via non-systematic channels instead of democratic election or exams, which was distinct from the characteristics of Republic of China. Therefore, the Nanjing National Government has never been able to establish the real state governed by KMT or the people.