Freedom And Absurd - Sartre Thought Two-dimensional Thinking

Jean-Paul Sartre's is not only an important representative of the existentialism, but also is a famous philosopher, a writer, a political critic and a social activist in contemporary France. About World War II, France was under the crisisy situation. Through summarizing the theories of Husser and Heidegger, Sartre proposed his freedom philosophy. Sartre regarded freedom as existence. Ontology of freedom becomes theoretical foundation of his philosophy, and consciousness-view becomes a bridge from ontology to freedom theory, and "freedom is prior to essence" is the core of freedom philosophy. Choice, action and freedom is in close touch, which is carried on among the situation. Freedom is always linked to responsibility, individual is not only responsible for his own choice, but also for the whole mankind's, so a free person is worried, lonely, desperate. Literature is an important tool through which Sartre explained his freedom philosophy, so his thought is inevitablely reflected in his literary works, such as "Flings" and" God and Devil".Freedom and absurd are the two integrative sides of the thought of Sartre. His freedom philosophy implies the absurd factors, which embodies in such points. Firstly, the free may cause all determinism lose efficiency, which makes the freedom defeated and dispersed, then results in absurd. Secondly people's free choices are carried on under submitted or uneasy situation, and the world is unable to provide any objective standards for them, which usually causes absurd too. Thirdly people's free will always exists in certain situation, absolute freedom only has a theoretical meaning. The freedom in the situation has actual meaning, but such freedom situation can also cause absurd. The absurd in reality is the social source that the absurd aesthetic shapes can be produced, otherwise the aesthetic shapes deny, criticize and review the absurd life in an aesthetic way, which have importantly aesthetic meaning. Especially under the theme of constructing the harmonious society at present, in the society full of keen competition, talking about absurd is specially meaning even more.Jean-Paul Sartre once was 80s' youths' spiritual leader in China, who has inspired them to ponder and the discuss the problems of human nature, self- value as well as social responsibility and so on. Sartre's influence in the Chinese contemporary literature not only has enlightened and...