The Translation Of Classical Chinese Books Ancient And Modern Two-tone And Shape Language

The translation of classical Chinese novels into Japanese is considerably hard, because of the differences between the culture and history of the two countries. This paper quotes the Chushi Biao (a well-known essay written in ancient classical Chinese by the statesman Zhuge Liang) from Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the research text. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is well-known as one of the Four Chinese Classical Novels and the most famous chapter is Chushi Biao. Therefore, there are various Japanese versions of this chapter, which provides sufficient resources and excellent examples for the research on the translation of classical Chinese vocabulary into Japanese. This paper concentrates on the "homograph containing two syllables", which often used in Chinese classical novels. Because this kind of words has the same form but different contemporary meanings from ancient times, they are often misused during the process of translation. In addition, according to summarizing and analyzing of Japanese translation in different versions, the author finds out that 'ancient and modern two tones words' have been mistranslated in 'homographs in Japanese and Chinese' most of times. After Chinese characters are borrowed into Japanese, meanings of words changed in order to adjust to Japanese expression, although the spelling of those words remains the same. Moreover, some Chinese characters in Japanese are "..." themselves too. So, mistranslation occurs when translators simply replace those Chinese words with Japanese homographs. After comparing the Japanese versions of Chushi Biao with original text, the author discusses the problem of 'ancient and modern two tones words' by analyzing three examples -- 'shiyong(试 用)', 'tonghen(痛恨)' ,'ganji(感激)'.1,the intralingual translation of 'ancient and modern two tones words' 'shiyong' 2,the intralingual translation of 'ancient and modern two tones words' 'tonghen' and the interlingual translation with 'homographs in Japanese and Chinese' 'tsuukon'3,the intralingual translation of 'ancient and modern two tones words' 'ganji' and the interlingual translation with 'homographs in Japanese and Chinese' 'kangeki'The translation of classical language into modern language is defined as intralingual translation, oppositely the translation of classical Chinese language into modern Japanese language is in term of interlingual translation. By analyzing three examples 'shiyong', 'tonghen', 'ganji', we can see that the translations of classical Chinese into Japanese language can be classified into two types, intralingual translation and interlingual translation. The whole process of intralingual translation should be fully considered in three major aspects of 'the semantic of language', 'the evolution of language', and 'the context of language' and then use the interlingual translation. During the whole process of interlingual translation, it is necessary to keep the consistency of the modern meaning of the 'homographs in Japanese and Chinese' with the meaning of the 'ancient and modern two tones words' in the classical Chinese novels.