Republic Of China During The Beijing Government, The Civil Service Examination System

System of civil services' examination—an important content in political system in Republic of China---is one of the most sensitive carriers of politics. Learning this political system would give us a much straightforward understanding of the political evolvement and social reform in that period of China. Therefore, researching the civil services' examination in Republic of China is a golden key to open the door of learning politics in Republic of China and evolvement of modem history and nature of society.In early Republic of China, bourgeois democracy and the concept of democratic republic cast wide influence on the people's ideology, recognition and attitude for living. The establishment of Republic of China created the objective conditions for the origin of modem examination of civil services. In order to start a new situation, Chinese bourgeois tried hard to follow the examples of westem democratic republic system which must touch the most sensitive rules of officers' election, which was an attempt for revolutionaries like Sun Yat-sen to change the passive politics into active one and to alter this disadvantages in China.Examination system depends heavily on the basic politic system and is influenced by the change of political power. Therefore, the evolvement of civil services' examination in Republic of China apparently has the characters of stratification and transmission. In the period of Nanjing Provisional Government, the system of civil services' examination was created, just with the form instead of the perfect system and content. In addition with the unstable politics, this system was just belied its name. However, in the period of Beijing Government Yuan Shikai, based on the the system of civil services' examination, the system was detailed; preliminary drafts were produced, which contained the aspects of qualification, examination, assignment, punishment, protection, compensation and so on. These were continuously modified and detailed, and then, the civil services' examination in Republic of China was finally determined.Unlike the nominal bills in period of the Republic of China, the civil services' examination in Republic of China showed the great formalness and the strict processes of examination according to the laws. In June, 1916, the first examination of senior civil services was hold by the Beijing Government, and then, this exam was hold in October, 1919. In October, 1920, examination of common civil services was hold. However, these exams were never conducted after 1920.The all-round creation of any system needs a lot of experience. Therefore, representing the direction and trend for the reform of modem personnel system and bureaucratic management, system of civil services' examination in Beijing Government in the Republic of China has provided us the referential historical origin fort the current examination of civil service in China.