Ming Dynasty Shanxi Writer

Shanxi literature of Ming Dynasty is not only an integral part of the Ming Dynasty literature, but also a necessity in its development. The subject of this paper is thus those Shanxi native authors in Ming Dynasty, especially their life, sight-seeing experiences and works, which will be described in the form of history of literature so as to show the overall style and geographical literature features of Shanxi literary during the 300 years of Ming Dynasty.The thesis is a cross research between the Ming literature and the Shanxi literature. The author sorted out a total of 203 writers of Shanxi Province in Ming Dynasty from the historical records, local biography, bibliography, series, poetry, and other collective works and made a " Biography of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". Then, by reading all kinds of series, poetry and other collective works, the author has selected nearly 30 collective works preserved until now and sorted out "The Collective Works of Shanxi Native Writers in Ming Dynasty ". All of the above are collected in the appendix,, which is the basis of this paper.This thesis is made up of eight chapters. From the first to the seven chapter, the author chronologically described Shanxi native writers in the Ming Dynasty. The description is divided into four stages: the early Ming Dynasty, the middle Ming, the late Ming, and the end of the Ming Dynasty. Besides, all the significant authors will be narrated in separate chapters. The last chapter is a ,monographic study on Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry in the Ming Dynasty.The Early Ming Dynasty lasted from its establishment to Chenghua (1368-1487), during which the literature of Shanxi was not very prosperous.. More than 30 writers have been recorded in literature, but the famous ones are limited. DuXiao, Wang Han, and Zhang Chang were said to be the forerunners of the "Shanyou" poems. From YongLe to TianShun period, an expert on Neo-Confucianism named XueXuan, who was honored as"a men of virtue with great literature being handed down", has scored great achievements in the field of poetry. Druing the Chenghua years, more and more writers came into being, and the representative figures were known as" He dong san feng".The Mid Ming lasted from Hongzhi to Longqing years (1488-1572). The literature of Shanxi in this period has reached its peak, represented by a sharp increase in the number of writers. According to statistics, over 70 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,, which was the largest number in the development of Shanxi literature. Wang Chonggu, Zhang Siwei, Kong Tianyin, Liu Long, and Ren Huan, etc. were among the writers who had greater achievements. All of them were outstanding in the field of literature. But neither took poetry as their professions. With few theoretical achievements, most of their great works has been created out of interest. Compared with works of the great masters of poems, their works were not so significant.The late Ming Dynasty refers to the Wanli (1573-1619) period, during which the literature of Shanxi reached another peak. Over 40 Shanxi native writers have been recorded in literature,,,among whom Wang Jiaping(a prime minister) , Zhang Quan(a poet in frontier fortress), Xing Dadao (nicknamed"Shao He Shan Ren"), etc. were famouse . Influenced by nationwide trends of thought in literature, most of the authors in Shanxi Province during this period opposed to imitating ancient literature. Instead, they advocated natural style and created many substantial works."The end of the Ming Dynasty" refers to the three periods of Taichang, Tianqi and Chongzhen (1620-1644). The literature during this period was full of strong political overtones and tragic atmosphere, especially the Shanxi literature. The number of writers being recorded in literature was over 20. Zhang Shenyan, Sun Chuanting, Zhang Fengyi and so on were representatives. Impacted by the theories of "Spirit faction" and "Jingling faction", the poems were marked with an opposition to model literary style on that of the ancients and a promotion of personality. Fu Shan, Fu Mei, Yan Xiuling were among the Shanxi writers in the end of the Ming Dynasty and Fu Shan was the most famous.Ming was a prosperous period of ancient Qu-poetry. However, Sanxi Qu-poetry gradually waned in this period. Works from only 4 Sanxi native writers of Qu-poetry were included in Qu-poetry of Ming Dynasty. Among those 4 writers, Liu Liangchen recorded some achievements and Chang Lun had greatest accomplishments. Therefore, Chang has been honored as the expert of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty. The works from the above four writers who have been the advocator and practicer of North Qu-poetry in Ming Dynasty were featured by a style of rusticity and boldness.