| Historical commercial geography, which was an important branch of historical geography, is one of the important subjects that research the relationship between human's business activities and various geographical elements. And rural market which is one basic unit of market system, not only bearing the business activities in the countryside, but also play an important role on in interpersonal communication and social connection. The development status of rual market, can often reflect the whole level of economic development and people's living conditions. Thus the studying of rual market's development, regional differences and function, is not just an important subjects, but also a difficult problem of New Socialist Rural Reconstruction at present.First, combining the features of JinNan's natural and human environment, this dissertation that from a long periods perspective had carding the local chronicle materials in detail, and had wholly investigated the quantity and time arrangement of rural fairs, the quantity and hosting days of temple fairs in JinNan from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. And the results showed that JinNan's fairs and temple fairs were parallel development all the time in the several hundred years. Only there was a jogging development of temple fairs, while the development of rural fairs had undergone twists and turns.Secondly, this article had compared the rural market's development evolution in JinNan in the latter Qing dynasty time (1860-1911), the earlier period (1912-1936) and later period (1937-1949) of the Republic of China. It had also investigated the developing features of rural market in different regions. The result showed the highest density of rural fair was in Zelu basin, and Fensu basin took second place. The rural fair density in the southeast mountainous and the western hill and mountainous was lower than the basin area obviously. But it had a high opening frequency and massive temple fair market as the supplement. After the Sino-Japanese War, it's a big transformation from the region differentiation which form naturally to the difference due to sphere of influence. In occupied regions and Guotong areas, the market had downfall seriously because of the destruction by war and compellent economic control. In the revolutonary base area and the liberated area led by the Communist Party of China, the market had prodigious fluctuation along with the fighting progress and the change of policy. And the reasons of disused or installed fairs had been particularity.Thirdly, the papper had investigated the temple fair's developing and its actions in JinNan's regional market system. It obtained that the cropping system and the fete time of temple had important effect in the hold time of temple fair. And it proposed that the different tendency was result from the record of material, the influence of disaster, and its immanent characteristic. Morever, through to the inspection to the strange famine in GuangXu and military struggle in the postwar, this paper had obtained the environment's change had a huge influence to the rural market's development and spatial pattern's change in JinNan.Then, this article conducted one thorough case study to RongHe by typical analysis's way, through to fair's research one by one and historical map's analysis. Then it obtained the market position's change were result of combined action by various factors which included the natural environment change, new economic agent entry and the market intrinsic mechanism and so on. Subsequently, through to compared the recordation about market-town in local chronicles and investigated the continuous situation of JinNan's market-town omni-directionally, this article conclusion that the rising and falling and locational variation of market-town frequently were the important factor resulted in space reconstruction continuously in JinNan's rural market.Simultaneously, this paper investigated the relative relation between foreign goods and commodity structure, new traffic modes and commercial circulation quantity, social stratum and the identity composition of market traders, new transactional organization and systematization tend of market. Then it obtained that the internal structure of JinNan's rural market had been changed quantitily and qualitily because of the infiltration by over modernity factors.Finally, this article investigated comprehensively the relatice relation between government, populace, market and society by introducing the concept of "public space". It demonstrated that rural market's utilization had greatly increased in JinNan's rural areas in modern time. And it had made a huge changed to its occupational structure and custom concept. Furthermore, government had play an important role in the process. Rural market had already become a public space used for economic communication, social connection, information transmission and people education. |
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