Study Of The Spatial Distribution And Architectural Forms Of The Qing Dynasty In Henan Hall

Guild is a special kind of historic phenomenon which came out along with the social commecial economic development of Ming and Qing Dynasty and the large floating population .It has always been a focus in academic circle about the study on the guild ,but most of the achievements are connected with economic history, society and architecture history.If study the guild in the regional aspect ,we can find the distribution of the guilt had a certain regularity,and the architectural form and the characteristic of guild in different times and different areas are not the same. These appraisals affect me deeply and that is the reason why I write this paper.This paper, which is based on the guild which was in Henan Province in Qing Dynasty, in the aspect of historic geography and architecture historic ,has a primary study on the distribution and architecture form of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty.There are four parts:1. The base of the development of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty in historic geography.Descripe the influence of geography,river and hydrological.transportation, political district ,city and town .commerce to the development of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty.2. The temporal and spatial distribution of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty .It is the main body of this paper ,which is divided into three parts .The first part is in the clue of time and divided the development of Henan guild into three periods :germination,rapid development and fading and metamorphosis.The germination period could look back to the of middle and late Ming Dynasty ,and rapid develop in the middle of Qing Dynasty.it decline in the Opium War and the period of Republic of China .Here I chose some represative guild to analyse the development and the evolution of guild and the relationship with the development with economic .The second part describes the type and the distribution of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty .The Henan guild in Qing Dynasty had two main parts :the same profession and the same hometown.The former one was mainly distributed in the province capitail city Kaifeng and some large business city and town .The latter one was distrubted extensively .depended on nationality,the members camefrom most of the provinces.Besides .there was a special kind of guild—Dawang Temple, whichwas mainly distributed in the city and town near the river or had developed shipping ability .And the members were manily merchant and boat people .The last part describes the characteristic of temporal and spatial distribution of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty .Seen from the whole province , Henan guild in Qing Dynasty were distributed in 13 province states, but it distributed in Kaifeng state and Nanyang state extensively ;seen from the certain place, it mainly distributed in some city and town ;seen from the distribution density ,the most density place were Kaifeng,Chenzhou and Nanyang.The least density place were Shanzhou state,Huaiqing state,Herman state and zhangde state ,which were in the northwest of Henan Province.The distribution of guild was influnced by many factors ,such as the development of social and economic,the movement area of commerce and the transportation,which inflected the differences among different economic areas.3. The study of architecture form of Henan guild in Qing Dynasty .The building of guild were mainly come from temple,Homes and Guanya,and the chosen places were influented by economy,transportation,geography and geomancy and so on.It had many similarities in the architecture layout and constitution of guild .But as a kind of civil public building,it shows diversity in architecture form, gorgeously decoration,and with obvious worship business .4. The protection and development of Henan guild. This part is the main destination of the paper.As a kind of historic heritage, guild owns superb historic ,scientifical,cultural values,which need us to cherish and protect.According to the visit by the writer himself, he found some questions and shortages in the protection and development of some guild.so the writer propose some suggestions and solutions to these questions and shortages.