Research On The Architectural Space Form And Protection And Utilization Of The Mansion Of Zhenguo And Fuguo In The Qing Dynasty In Beijing

Beijing is a cultural capital with a rich history.Due to the unique feudal system of the Qing dynasty,such as the feudal title of king without granting land,the buildings of different levels of Qing dynasty royal residences are concentrated in the inner city of Beijing,and together with the numerous historical and cultural heritages scattered in the inner city of Beijing,they form a unique characteristic appearance of the ancient capital.The titles of the Qing dynasty clans were divided into several ranks,from high to low,such as Qinwang,Junwang,Beile,Beizi,Zhenguogong,Fuguogong,etc.Although the number of ranks changed throughout history,each had its own corresponding architectural system of mansions.The actual construction of the township and auxiliary state Mansion was in accordance with the regulations,but there were various changes for various reasons.Compared with the high-ranking royal Mansion,the low-ranking township and auxiliary state Mansion received less attention and importance,and the corresponding architectural features and spatial patterns were weakly studied.Moreover,although there were a large number of town and auxiliary royal residences in history,they have been damaged and destroyed to different degrees in the course of history and modern urbanization,showing that there are not many of them left and some of them are in poor condition.The Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion buildings are not only valuable as components of the royal building system,but they also carry the history of different periods of the Qing Dynasty from a unique perspective,forming architectural characteristics that are different from those of high-ranking royal Mansion and ordinary residential buildings.Therefore,it is imperative to promptly sort out its historical history,investigate the existing condition of this type of building,analyze and summarize its architectural characteristics and then study its spatial form,and make suggestions for its preservation and utilization,which are of great significance for deepening the study of the Qing Dynasty Beijing’s royal buildings and the preservation of the ancient capital’s style and appearance,as well as the construction of Beijing’s four centers.In this paper,the main object of study is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty’s Zhen Guogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion,and the historical evolution and changes in their regulations are sorted out through historical documents,historical maps and field research.The study will then analyze and study their spatial forms from different perspectives and make suggestions for their preservation and utilization.At the same time,the unique value of the architecture of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty will be sorted out,so as to raise the attention of the government and the public to them and enrich the historical heritage of the old city of Beijing.The first part elaborates the research background and significance of the dissertation,identifies the necessity of the study,defines the relevant concepts of the research object,conducts a review study of the domestic and foreign research progress on the conservation of the architectural heritage of the royal residences,spatial morphology,spatial morphology research methods and other relevant domestic and foreign research progress,and determines the research method and framework.The second part starts from studying the relevant subdivision system of the Qing Dynasty that influenced the formation of the royal family type of architecture,combing the historical evolution of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion in stages,and determining the uniqueness of their historical values.The specific research objects of this paper are limited to the existing and eligible buildings of Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion and the comparison and analysis of their architectural regulations in different periods are conducted to summarize the reasons for their changes.The third part combines literature and field research,and on the basis of vertical excavation,the overall layout,individual architectural features,and decorative styles of the Zhenguo and Fuguo mansions are categorized and compared from a horizontal classification perspective,and the influential factors that caused the changes are summarized.In the fourth part,the spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of the buildings of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion in Beijing are studied and analyzed from the macroscopic to the microscopic point of view;the Hutong types around the buildings of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion are studied at the level of streets and alleys,and the influence on the surrounding street space is studied;the theory of spatial syntax is applied to the buildings of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion at the level of courtyards,and the necessity of using the theory of spatial syntax is clarified.The spatial syntax theory is applied at the courtyard level to the buildings of the Zhenguogong Mansion and the Fuguogong Mansion,and the necessity of using the spatial syntax theory is clarified,and the spatial patterns of the courtyards of the Zhenguogong Mansion and the Fuguogong Mansion are quantified through the convex spatial analysis method,and the data obtained are summarized and their characteristics are summarized.The results of the analysis are also compared and analyzed with those of the high-ranking royal residences to determine their uniqueness and differences.Evaluate the value of the Zhenguogong Mansion and Fuguogong Mansion in five aspects: historical,artistic,scientific,social,and cultural.The fifth part classifies and summarizes its conservation and restoration situation,existing quality condition,and current problems,and proposes conservation strategies and utilization suggestions corresponding to the problems and research contents and conclusions raised in the previous section.