"shi" And This Conjunction Of The Song And Yuan Dynasties, A Comparative Study

It is our country language development important time from the Wei Jin Southern and Northem Dynasties to Song Yuan Dynasties.Compared with Qin and Han Dynasties,the language is quite different,distinctively the literary style and the spoken language separated gradually.There are two reasons:One is a result of Chinese own development.During the long-term use,its pronunciation,its grammar and its glossary system were being adjusted,after a long time, it had created the qualitative leap in this time.The other is the social reason.At that time it is social turbulent,causing the people displaced,objectively integrated between various nationalities.It promoted the cultural dissemination,and each dialect blended mutually.Moreover,during the Eastern Han Dynasty time,Buddhism was spread to China,and the much sutra was translated into Chinese,these were affected in the pronunciation,the grammar, the vocabulary.Along with these being used on everybody's lips,these translated language also had the very tremendous influence on Chinese.Because of this,the Chinese changed a lot in this time.This time is from the Middle Ages early time to the modern Chinese earlier period,it is an important Chinese history research to do the lasted research to this time Chinese grammar and promulgate its law of development.We select the two representative language materials "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and Song Yuan story-telling script in the Middle Ages and Modern Chinese,comparing its conjunction.Through collecting the natural statistics,carrying on the quota and the qualitative analysis,studying two kinds of language materials in conjunction,we find there are 170 conjunctions used in two materials.Through the comparison,we find some commons and differences.From the conjunction quantity,"Shi Shuo Xin Yu" altogether has 83 conjunctions,using antiquity conjunctions 59,accounting for 71.08%;middle Ages newborn 24 conjunctions, accounting for 28.92%.In Song Yuan story-telling script the conjunctions altogether appear 143, using the antiquity and Middle Ages 99 conjunctions,accounts for 69.23%;Modern Chinese newborn words 44,accounting for 30.77%.Obviously,the new conjunctions appear after inheritance,manifesting the language development succession and the gradation.In addition,the goal conjunctions all come from the antiquity inheritance;There is no condition conjunction in Paleozoic era,the condition conjunction appears in the Middle Ages newly,displaying the complete change;These eight kinds of conjunction have the inheritance and development including parallel,choose conjunction,displaying the part change,ten kinds of conjunction change differently,manifesting the conjunction development unbalanced.From the conjunction syllable structure,there are 51 monosyllable note conjunctions in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu",accounting for 61.45%;duplicate syllable conjunction 32,accounting for 38.55%.In Song Yuan story-telling script there are 61 monosyllable note conjunctions,accounting for 42.66%;duplicate syllable conjunction 82,accounting for 57.34%.The massive duplicate syllable conjunctions emergence means the glossary duplicate sound intensifies advanced in the Modern Chinese time and obtained the full development from the Eastem Han Dynasty.From the conjunction construction,comparing with "Shi Shuo Xin Yu",in Song Yuan story-telling script the compound -like word formation obtains the considerable development, there appears the new words through the massive compound -like word formation constitution along with the suffix further development,as well as the prefix appearance,the additional type word formation can get the enhancement,through additional type newbom massive conjunctions like "Yi tou…Yi tou…"(一头…一头…),"First…Second…"(第一…第二…) and so on.At the same time,other construction word formation may also divers,except word formation modification,coagulation structure is less.There appeared the condensability structure,the glossary agglutination.Moreover,because of other foreign language influence,"Shang/Shang tou"(上/上头) enters the syntax stratification,producting conjunctions like "Yin ci shang"(因此上) and "Yi ci shang"(以此上),the word formation is more perfect.From the conjunction in the compound sentence application,there are 25 pairs conjunctions used in the compound sentence,mostly using the antiquity Chinese primarily,many matching adverb.In Song Yuan story-telling script,there are 63 pairs,and conjunction matching is flexible, not only with similar conjunction coordination,but also with the adverb and other kinds of conjunction coordination,the significance of expressions are richer,the language logical relations are clearer.