New Text Book Of Rhetoric

From ancient to morden times, it is well acknowledged that Shangshu is difficult to read. Linguists of various times paid more attention to the words explaination and grammar definitions so as to fully read and understand the meaning of it. However, as one of the earliest essays in China, the language of Shangshu is full of great literary color. It had started to explore consciously in the use of rhetorical skills, which focused more on the feelings of arguments and reasoning of the image. With the appliance of metaphor, duality, parallelism, quote and other figures of speech, the lyric, narrative, discussion and image-building of Shangshu is harmonious and seamless.From the point of rhetoric, present study analyzes in-depthly the language of Jinwen Shangshu,which can broaden the idea of language study of Shangshu. From a multi-disciplinary perspective, present study also discusses the forming justifications of figures of speech. It is in hope to resolve the formation factors of rhetoric mechanism from the origin, and to offer diachronic corpus and theoretical thinking for the research of history of figures of speech.There are sixteen kinds of figures of speech in Jinwen Shangshu. Based on their specific structures, the figures of speech in Shangshu are divided into four categories.The first category is"figures of speech of description", which concentrates on the analysing of metaphor, exaggeration and imitation that appeared in Jinwen Shangshu. The second category is"Figures of speech of replacement", which studies replacement, euphemism and quote that used in Jinwen Shangshu. The third category is"Figures of speech of guidence", and such figures of speech occupy half of the whole. It includes antithesis, comparison, parallelism, repetition and so on. The fourth category is"Figures of speech of deformation", it analizes erotesis and intertextuality.Based on the detailed describtion of all the figures of speech that appeared in Jinwen Shangshu, present study also analyzes the causing factors of figures of speech in Jinwen Shangshu. Present study holds that the formation of the figures of speech in Jinwen Shangshu is mainly out of four factors, namely, the developing state of primitive society, the traditional philosophical thinking pattern, the cognitive factor of humanbeings in the initial period, and the development of language itself.