Cai E Concept

Cai E is a distinguished strategists, politician and thinker of our country in modern times. He is famous by taking part in Yunnan Chong jiu uprising and launching the war that protecting the country. Cai E was living in the End of Qing Dynasty and the Early years of the Republic, which was full of national calamity. He took active explorations from the nation and state degree to get rid of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal situation in China. After referring other countries' experience in modernization and combining the specific situation of China, he built the country concept, which was formed by national spirit, country-based concept and national right. On the basis of his concept, National spirit is the soul, all citizens must have the concept of country. Country-based concept is basis, the State must conform to the trend of the times to establish a constitutional system. National right is indemnity, the country must achieve independence, unity and authority.This article is closely around the Cai E's Country-based concept, it is divided into three parts:In the first part, we discuss the background and process of Cai E's concept. The background that Cai E's Country-based concept formed of time is mainly formed by three aspects, which are social background, family background and school education. In the End of Qing Dynasty and the Early years of the Republic, China has completely degenerated into a semi-colonial semi-feudal society. Cai E was stimulated by the seriously national crisis deeply, so he sought the truth salvaging the country's desire. Cai E was born in a lower-class family. He was deeply nurtured by Hu and Xiang humanities; He had some good personal qualities. At the same time, he accepted the traditional Confucian education and the modern new-style education, they were favorable conditions for his Country-based concept. Cai E's Country-based concept has three stages, the formation of hazy period, embryonic period and the forming period.In the second part, we discuss the main content of Cai E's Country-based concept. Cai E formed the Country-based concept including national spirit, Country-based concept and national right. National spirit is citizen's country concept; he tried to instill the national spirit to the army, political parties, those in power and ordinary people. Country-based concept is constitutional system. Take the Revolutionary of 1911 for boundary, before the Revolution, he advocated a constitutional monarchy system in China; after the Revolution, he advocated the implementation of Chinese democratic constitutional system. Basing on China's special national conditions, he agreed more with the New Provisional Constitution than the Old Provisional Constitution. National right is the right to reunification, independence and authority. China must set up a unified central government, a unified military power, financial power, executive power and diplomatic power in order to defend the country's territorial rights, claims, railways and the postal power. In order to cope with internal and external problems in the new building country, Cai E strongly defend the authority from practice, finance and ideas.In the third part, we discuss the characteristics and evaluation of Cai E's Country-based concept. Cai E's Country-based concept reflects the combination of the tradition and modernity, the theory and practice, the civil and military. Cai E's Country-based concept has a progressive nature: benefits-orientated of the "nation-state", in line with the theme of modern China's construction, respecting the conditions, reforming China with the steady step, proposing the theory of sinicize earlier. It is conforming to the modern China's innovation trend, which is "technology -politics - thought". Because of the limitations of times, Cai E's Country-based concept can not be achieved at that time.