Dialogue And Carnival

Bakhtin is a famous theorist of literature and art in the world, and his theoretical ideas and methods have been widely used in academic theories and literary criticism. In this paper, based on Bakhtin's analysis of Dostoevsky's polyphonic novels, the author tries to elaborate the relationship between the philosophical basis of Bakhtin's polyphonic-novel theory and characteristics of these novels. On this basis, the author attempts to reveal the inherent ethos and values of Bakhtin's polyphonic-novel theory.Chapter I discussed the meaning of polyphonic novel. Bakhtin borrowed "Polyphony" in the sense of metaphor and summed up the characteristics and uniqueness of Dostoyevsky's writings: a lot of independent and separate voices and consciousness forming "Polyphony". Different characters with different fate can be unified by the same event. The main characters, as well as a number of clues to the story, can be connected by the conflict in the incident. These voices and these clues, like "Polyphony" with no distinction of theme sound and secondary sound, had equal status.Chapter II focused on the philosophical foundation of polyphonic novel: dialogue theory. The inherent characteristic of Polyphonic novel was its dialogism. Dialogism was represented by these three levels: the main characters and the author, characters and characters, and egos of characters and egos, which directly or indirectly revealed the dialogic nature of human life. It was dialogism that made the fundamental difference between polyphonic novel and monologue novel. According to Dostoevsky, consciousness never existed alone, but was always in conflict with other consciousness. Every sense and every idea of the character were his inner monologue, like debate, full of struggle, or just the opposite, for others to comprehend, but in any case not focusing on themselves, and always looking back at another person. Thus, Dostoevsky's polyphonic novel was completely dialogic novel.Chapter III discussed the genres of polyphonic novel and the source of it from a retrospective perspective. It can be dated back to Carnival literature in ancient Greece and Rome. During the discussion of the evolution of Carnival literature, the core of Socratic dialogue was "dialogue", and Menippean literature "had the appearance of the inner dialogue". Thus, Carnival Poetics and Dostoevsky polyphonic-novel had a clear clue diachronically. From the Socratic dialogue to Menippean satire literature, as well as the Carnival literature in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance, there was the dialogic nature of the polyphonic novel. Diachronic poetics revealed the continual variations of the Carnival genre in the history, and it ultimately reflected in Dostoevsky polyphonic-novel.This paper discussed the difference between polyphonic novel and monologue novel, focused on the dialogic relationship between the author and the hero, emphasized the characteristics of polyphonic novel from diachronic and synchronic perspectives, and ultimately revealed the "unfinished" polyphonic novel has a kind of value demand: the rejection of unification value, as well as the affirmation of a wide range of values. Polyphonic novel recognized the world's diversity and differences, which was produced in a variety of mutual relationships among different characters. There was no center, or authority among the author's consciousness and other consciousness, or among dialogues of different characters, so as to avoid dictatorial dialogues imposed by monologue description. Polyphonic novel was characterized by these values of diversification.