"sutra" Polarization Structure Research

Tan Jing written by Master Huineng (638-713) in Tang Dynasty is the scriptures of Zen Sect which content is mainly his life stories and the records about his preaching. The book has about more than 12,000 words. Zen Buddhism came from India and the most Buddhist scriptures were translations before the coming out of Tan Jing. Tan Jing as the "Zen Buddhism in China" initiated by Huineng has an unusual position and influence in Zen history (and the history of Buddhism, history of philosophy). In addition, Tan Jing retains a large number of spoken materials during Tang Dynasty and initiates quotation style for future scriptures of Zen Sect, so it is one of the Tang books and records worth studying.There are some academic articles studying the language of Tan Jing at present, but no on the modification-center structures in it. Through investigation, we find that there are a lot of examples using modification-center structures in Tan Jing, so it is chosen as our object of study. To know the cases of using modification-center structure in spoken language during Tang Dynasty, discuss the research value of Buddhist scriptures in the history on Chinese Grammar and make a little material excavation work for it, we explore the forms of modification-center structures in Tan Jing and the construction cases of the attribute, adverbial modifier, complement and qualified word in them, and analyze them based on syntax and semantic.Firstly we draw the modification-center structures from Tan Jing using the direct component analysis and find out the syntax phenomenon associated with them. Then we analyze the forms and components of the modification-center structures in Tan Jing and explore the multi-attribute and multi-adverbial phenomenon in them using the method of studying multi-attribute and multi-adverbial in Modern Chinese by Huang Borong & Liao Xudong. We analyze the qualified word in detail. Finally we explore the syntax functions of the constructions "attribute + qualified word" and the construction "adverbial + qualified word" and discuss the semantic relationships inside the constructions. Furthermore we make exhaustive statistics about the various modification-center structures in Tan Jing.According to our investigation, the modification-center structures in Tan Jing can be divided into two kinds:one is nominal modification-center structures which have two forms "attribute + qualified word" and "qualified word + attribute", the other is predicative modification-center structures which have three forms "adverbial + qualified words", "qualified words + complement", "adverbial + qualified words + complement". The elements constituting modification-center structures are very abundant. In a nominal modification-center structure the attribute can be a noun, a verb, an adjective, a pronoun, a numeral, or a phrase and the qualified word can be a noun, a verb, a measure word, character"者", character"所", or a phrase. In a predicative modification-center structure the adverbial can be an adverb, an adjective, a nominal word, a verbal word, or a prepositional phrase, the qualified word can be a verb, an adjective, a numeral or a phrase, and the complement can be a verb or a prepositional phrase. A nominal modification-center structure can be used for object, subject, attribute, adverbial, predicate, complement, or object-subjective element in sentences and a predicative modification-center structure can act as predicate, attribute, subject, object, complement, or adverbial. The semantic relationships in modification-center structures are various.