Tang And Song Dynasties In Northern Shaanxi Urban Geography,

The historical urban geography is an important branch of the historical geography, the study of urban phenomena on the historical time is the basis to understand the development status of cities today. With the economic and social development and the needs of area exploitation, the study area of the historical urban geography have changed from a single city to the development of the system of territorial towns,and give reasonable explaination on the urban structure and the system evolvement.From the present research conditions, the study on the towns of historic period has been concentrated in the Guanzhong area,but the attention on the historical towns in Shanbei hasn't been detailed.For this reason, this paper choose the Shanbei area as the study area,the sudy time is the Tang and Song dynasties,trying hard to make the research take on some academic and realistic significances. The development of towns have inheritances,so the summaries of successes and defects on the Shanbei towns in history can provide useful references on the build of the Shanbei towns today and in future.Specifically, this article mainly divided into six sections:The first part is the exordium,the reason for choose this theme,the research status and the contents and methods to study are the main contents in this article;the other in this chapter is to specify the age of the research and natural geographic scope and the objects to achieve. The second part are the studies on the development of natural geographic position and the social environment, give a general discussion on such as topography, vegetation and climate in the soil, natural disasters, and tang and song dynasties, the political and military situation, demographic and economic conditions of transport constitutes. The third part is mainly tease out the amount and the arrangement change in Shanbei area in the tang and song dynasties by the way of clear uy the history literatures; from the distribution of the town grades in Shanbei area,we can kown that the town grades in the southerm area are higher than in the northern area; and study the development process of the urban system.In he fourth part, analyse the scale of the towns in the Shanbei area in the Tang and Song dynasties, the flat form of these towns are trapezia, rectangle, triangle, and other irregular shapes,and the scalesof the towns is in proportion to the grade.Look from the urban function, the towns in the Shanbei area are mainly in political and militaral function,in the other side,the main towns are on the important traffic lines.With the social and economic and commercial development, economical function is to underline. In the fifth part is the review of the urban area distributing characteristic in the Tang and Song dynasties, the main towns in Shanbei area are mostly built in the valley of the region, the Luo River,the Qingshui River and the Wuding River, drainage basin are the areas that have higher town density, but the Ziwu Ridge,the Huanglong mountains and the northwest desert region have the lowest town distribution density; in this part also give a research on the representative of the regional centre town, the county towns and the small militarial towns. In he sixth part,through the study on the time change of the urban system and the transformation of the interspace layout in the Tang and Song dynasties, at the last summarize the disciplinarian,and discuss on the historical geography factors.Through the elementarial research on the towns in the Tang and Song dynasties,elicit the following conclusions:First, the town system in the Tang dynasty in the Shanbei area change from the urban system of state city——county city to Jiedushi city——state city——county city;and in the later in the Northern Song dynasty,the urban system in the Shanbei area develops continuely,it is Lu city——state city——county city——chengzhaibu.with the increase of the arrangement of system is the system more perfect. Secondly, be impressed by the factors of social and economic development,the grate of the town in the south is higher than in the northern area. Third, the northern regions of the town is set for political control to the period of years of the social and economic development, the town in the political function and economic role in strengthening and gradually; To the north of Yanzhou,Chengzhaibu and other small town in areas north of the development is function by the military situation closely. Fourth, the towns in the Shanbei area in the Tang and Song dynasties distributed mainly in the main communication lines and the river vally inside and near to the water and transportation of dependence. Fifth,the towns built in the Northern Song dynasty,particularly the small Chengzhaibu towns are left over a deep influence for later built town, subsequent towns had been mostly developing from this time.