A Study On The "Two-track System" Of The Lower Classes In The Song Dynasty County

In the context of the "Change of Tang and Song Dynasties",the Song Dynasty county grassroots division formed a "two-track system",that is,the "village-style" system represented by the township and the "town-type" system represented by the town.Time is about the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty.The former is mainly for the management of agricultural residents,including Xiang,Li,Qi,Guan,Du,Bao,Tuan,She and other grass-roots units.On the map,it showed a flaky distribution characteristics.The latter is to manage the industrial and commercial residents,including Zhen,Shi,Wu,Xu,Bu and other grass-roots units,and on the map showing a dot-like distribution characteristics.This paper chooses Xiang and Zhen,the largest and most stable types in the two systems as the research objects,to explore the Song Dynasty county grassroots division system's formation,operation,management and other issues.Space range is set at the most developed area: Taihu Lake Basin.The full text is divided into two parts.The first part includes three chapters.The first chapter recovered the name and position of Xiang in Su Zhou,Hu Zhou,Chang Zhou and XiuZhou on the Yuanfeng three years(1080),on this basis,explained Xiang's size,border,account,officials and other geographical and cultural elements of the division.In the second chapter,based on the comprehensive analysis of the changes and adjustment cases of the grassroots division in the Taihu Lake Basin in the Song Dynasty,the author discusses the object,reason,mode,principle and influence of the adjustment.Almost all of the grassroots zoning adjustment is based on the Xiang as the basic unit,and the nature and function of the Xiang in the Song Dynasty existed a trend from single to multiple.The third chapter discusses the special surroundings of the city,including the relationship between FuGuo Xiangand the city wall,the city's economy and the people of the city.It is considered that the surrounding area of the city extends to the country,Urban transition area,both urban and rural dual functions and landscape characteristics.The second part includes four chapters.The fourth chapter is widely collected Zhen in the Taihu Lake Basin in the Song Dynasty,and the study of the history of these towns is carried out,and the laws of the space-time evolution of these towns are explored.The fifth chapter discusses the details of the changes in the nature of the town from the military to the economic nature in the Tang and Song dynasties,such as the way of transformation,the characteristics and the influence,through this case to explore regional changes,county relations,"imperial under the county".The sixth chapter explores the evolution of the relationship between the two towns in order to deepen the understanding of the proposition of the rise and external competition of the emerging economic towns.The seventh chapter summarizes the characteristics of Donglin Town in the development process,and finds out that these features are not only universal in the Jiangnan town of Song Dynasty,but also extend to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It can be seen that the town system is a long process with inheritance.This paper expounds the "two-track system" of the grassroots division in the Song Dynasty,and carries on the thinking and analysis on the intricate relationship between the imperial power and the county grassroots rule,the relationship between Xian and “under Xian”grassroots division,the decentralization and part-time characteristics in the grass-roots management.Appendix is out of the restrictions,study the "village" system in the "regiment" and "town" type system "square".