A Comparative Study Of Marx And Rawls' Theory Of Justice And Its Enlightenment

Justice is the basic requirement of a harmonious society development, and the common standard which requires all members of society to observe. Justice is to the society as theorem is to science, and truth is to philosophy. Justice is not only one of the most important value of social system, but also the basic theme of research of humanities and social science, especially political philosophy, from ancient times to the present, Chinese and foreign academia has never been interrupted the study of justice theme. From Plato, Aristotle the ancient Greek to the medieval Christian theology and the modern liberalism, utilitarianism and so on, justice theory has been endowed with different characteristics of the times, and has been constantly developed and updated. Then Marx and Rawls also make a huge contribution on justice theory.Marx as the creator of Marxism, his justice theory gets the great attention of scholars both at home and abroad. Although Marx has no famous works to specifically discuss the justice thought, he forms his own justice theory through the process of criticizing capitalism and elaborating communism. His justice theory attaches great importance to the practice, based on people’s real life, through the analysis concludes that justice is inherent specific mode of production and has a class attribute, reveals the nature of justice. The main content of Marxism concentrates on economic justice and political justice, and finally locates in the realization of communism and the all-round development of human freedom; Rawls relies on his justice theory push the research on justice theme to a new heights. Rawls from thinking hypotheses of original position and veil of ignorance, creates a suitable "justice environment", then leads to the two principles of his justice theory, namely the principle of freedom and equality, opportunity equality principle and difference principle. He also through the two justice principles in the application of social basic structure, designs the system of justice and common code of justice, finally realizes the fair justice theory end-result.Justice is a question which all stages of development of the society take focus on. At present, domestic social contradictions are increasingly prominent, the problem of justice has become the key problems restricting the development of various undertakings in our country. So, how to use justice theory to resolve the justice problems in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, which exist in economy, politics and society, has been the most urgent thing. In this article, through finishing the basic content of Max’s and Rawle’s theories of justice, the writer tries to compare from justice theory and justice practice, and then concludes their similarities and differences in the theoretical source, understanding of justice, justice system design, the way of implementing justice and the final justice end-result and so on, in that to serve our realistic society, also makes contributions on the further development of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, comprehensively deepening political system reform, solving social contradictions existing in our social which caused by injustice, and find the direction to realize the real social justice.