| Since Josph. A.Schumpeter put forward the concept "innovation", scholars in each country have researched a lot and achieved much in this field. But the research about technical innovation policy did not begin till 1970s in a strict sense, and in no time caught governments and scholars' attention .It became their effective measure in regulating economy and impelling technical improvement. Such research (especially for technical innovation policy) is new to China and shows much defect in practice. Meanwhile, it is luck that our government has noticed the importance of technical innovation policy in economy .In August 1999,the decision that "to strengthen technical innovation, develop high technology and realize industrialization " was passed, which signals the bugle call for technical innovation is sounded in China. When world's economy tends to require knowledge and to global more and more, China has to face a subject: Where is our technical innovation policy to go? It is also what this thesis originates from. The thesis is divided into three parts, of which the logic thought is: to analyze in common, then in particular, and then present my own advice for the technical innovation policy in China, among them, the aim principal of technical innovation policy is the core, the necessity analysis for joining of government is the prelude and the selection of innovation policy measures is the appliance, while the analysis in particular is the aim as well as emphasis of the thesis. Part I is about the theories of technical innovation policy. Firstly, it introduces the representative western theories, summarizes new characteristic of contemporary technical innovation, and mentions that the theory basis lies in the coordination of process and result. On one side, the technical innovation is a complicated process concerning many sides, and the enterprise always seems lacking in confidence or capacity for the uncertainty in the technique supply, market demand, earnings distribution and technology environment; On the other side, the outcome of technical innovation is kind of quasi-public product, innovators can't occupy the innovation profits totally ,personal innovation marginal income differs from that of society's needs whether in quality or in quantity ,and the society net welfare will be damaged .All this decides the necessity for government taking part in innovation .One of government's responsibility is to decrease the degree of inequity to excite and breed enterprise's ability to innovate .The increase of innovation marginal income will enlarge enterprise's zeal to innovate ,and the decrease of uncertainty in innovation process can lead to more success .So they become the first goal in technical innovation policy whose key point is the leverage effects of innovation policy . Part II concerns about the affect of technical innovation policy measures. Taking the technical innovation policy aim as principal, all innovation policy measures are screened. Here, five common but typical technical innovation measures are analyzed, which affords reference to us. Fiscal incentive dose well in increasing enterprise innovation marginal income, but applying it shall be limited by the financial resources available. Patent system protects innovator's profits or expected profits from the angle legislation, enlarging their passion to innovate. But this system is a double -edged swords and should differ with business line. As a technical innovation policy measure, public purchase policy can increase enterprise's innovation marginal income as well as decrease the uncertainty in market and technique. But the field of applying is limited, and it is under the influence of market structure. Originating as a kind of risk-sharing mechanism, venture capital diminishes the uncertainty in innovation process and brings about a pile of high-tech enterprise as well as initiating entrepreneur .It has been proved to be a success in recent decades, but the full use of it can't do without a fine venture investment mechanism... |
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