| The management of Chinese large-scale enterprises has developed a lot, comparing with that twenty years ago, while the further implementation of Chinese economic reform and the establishment of the market economy. But compared with the world prominent enterprise management, there is still a huge gap. Facing new operation and management environment, and various new management concepts and methods, we must either see the gap, accept the challenges, or see our coming opportunities. We can learn effective management experience by learning and importing advanced foreign management patterns and methods, it is unnecessary to explore and try from the beginning, it is essential for the reforms on Chinese large-scale enterprise management.This thesis,taking Hitachi and GE as examples, analyzes the management reforms of Japanese and American large-scale enterprises, explores their major points and backgrounds, compares their reforms and summaries their development trends. Based on the above mentioned comparison andanalysis, this thesis analyzes the opportunities and challenges which the Chinese large scale enterprises meet, and takes Dongfang Electric Corporation as an example to, explore the current situation of the Chinese large scale enterprises management, and put forward some suggestions for the management reforms of Chinese enterprises.The pattern of Japanese enterprise management neglects the interests of share holders, but emphasizes the equalitarism, keeps the principlr of "seniority gives top priority"thus, weakens gradually the competitives in the environment of modern market economy.Particularly the long term unchanged employment system astricts the employees, loses the opportunity for second time career creativity.The characteristics of Japanese enterprise such as close down ruling, indistinct political and administrative measures, internal deal for enterprise operation and policy making result in Japanese enterprises declination from early 1990s. Afterwards, the Japanese enterprises realize that the old management pattern, organization, modality are inadequate in the progress of globalization and e-tech development, and implement pertinent reforms on management which include: strategic adjustment, by adjusting the combination of operations, give prominence to key operations, pursue the speed, efficiency and creativity, intensify the investment in R&D, seek competitive advantage in e-tech field, and develop knowledge-intensive enterprises; organization adjustment, strengthen the enterprise management structure and decision making system, consummate the internal obligation and responsibility system, establish a efficient, neat enterprise organization; personal policy and rule adjustment, implement elitist system, give up life time employment and longevity salary system, boldly assign elitists to important positions.In 1980s, American enterprises gradually lose their intrinsic competing advantage when competing with Japan and other countries. Automobile, steel mill enterprises etc, in particular lose their market shares due to declining in operations. Facing characteristics of the volatile global competition, the consumer's continuously increased requirements, further sane consumption, the development of e-tech and new economy, and knowledge-intensive employee, the American enterprises, like GE, implement management reforms on: strategically intensify profit and key operations, emphasize internationalization, maintain global view; organizationally intensify external monitoring, carry out internal marketing system and no-boundary management, emphasize learning and creating; leadingly weaken the hierarchical system, intensify specialty authority and force, adherence to principles, authorize and trust their subordinates; in enterprise culture, intensify collectivism, create a harmonious and favorable internal environment, set a custom first concept, pay importance to moral behavior; in human resource management, bestir the enterprise and person to be enterprising, respect employees' wil... |
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