Non-farm Transfer Of Rural Labor In The Process Of Gender Analysis

It is the main characteristic of the current social transition that rural labor as a factor in production moves from agriculture to non-agriculture industries. This transfer has gone through two stages: the stage of initial de-agriculturization after the founding of China and the booming stage since carrying out the opening-up and reform policy. In the latter stage, the transfer of rural female has lagged far behind that of male. The direct result from the gender gap on development is that with the progressing of de-agriculturization, the interests' gap between the rural female and male will be further expanded, which may make the rural women face a new round of deficiency in developing resources, or even be excluded from the further development, which may prevent the rural women from participation in the development and impede the progress of the de-agriculrization. It is of great significance both in theory and in reality to seek equal development of gender during the de-agriculturization by discussing and analyzing the reason why the gender inequality occurs.The principal methods of this paper are gender analysis, literature research and case investigation. The paper has five parts. The first part reviews the historical backgrounds and the expanding process of the de-agriculturization. The whole process is divided into two stages by the boundary of the opening up and reform. Making a gender analysis, we can conclude that gender difference is running through the two stages and standing out as the advance of the de-agriculturization. The second part studies the latter stage from both transfer within and out of the community. On the basis of analyzing the gender sequence in the transfer and the division of labor between the rural female and male, it can be concluded that there is an interest's gap between them, which is themanifestation of the gender inequality. The third part analyzes the gender inequality from the easy to the difficult, and then points out the reasons that lie in the reality and the traditional culture. The former is that there is a gender gap in the terms of development, while the latter can be summarized as follows: the absence of the gender awareness in institutions of country, and the molding and influence of the traditional sense of gender. The fourth part points out that the gender gap on development has injured the interests of the rural female and done harm to the sustained and sound progress of the de-agriculturization, and has destroyed the social justness. The fifth part sets forth suggestions as follows: to take the gender awareness into account when enacting the rules and regulations on country, to improve the cultural environment both in the rural community and in the city community, to exert the support function of the women's leagues.The paper has three characteristics: (a) the transfer in de-agriculturization is divided into two types according to the region: transfer within and out of the community, and the rural female are classified as three sorts of groups, which make up of the basis of the phenomena's description; (b) the method of analysis is from surface to inner, from easy to difficult; (c) whether promoting the gender awareness or not is considered as a crucial factor for the analysis.The paper also puts forward several new items, such as gender sequence in the transfer of de-agriculturization, gender gap on development, gender inequality in developing resources, deficiency in developing resources.