Permanent Peace, The Citizens Of The World View

In 1795, Immanuel Kant's essay "Toward Perpetual Peace" was published. Long held to be a mere occasional essay, "Toward Perpetual Peace" is now widely accepted as a central work of Kant's political and legal philosophy, and as in many respects his most innovative work in this area. Cosmopolitan right is one of important ideas in the essay. The debates about it were on the rise in the contemporary era. My paper contains six sections.In the first section, I explore the development and status of perpetual peace in Kant's philosophy. The idea of perpetual peace is a basic theme in Kant's philosophy. Rousseau's works play an important role in the process that Kant formulated his philosophy. Protecting the right of human is the primary task in Kant, and only in the status of perpetual peace can we solved this difficulty. Perpetual peace starts with the principles of pure morals and derives from reason. Reason absolutely demands it to be fulfilled.In the second section, I construe Kant's sketch in detail. Then, in the third section, I trace the history of cosmopolitan and the facts that Kant faced. There has been existing variety of styles in the long processing of cosmopolitan. Kant's cosmopolitan is owed to all these ideas.The relations among cosmopolitan right, civil right, international right is my main topic in the fourth section. If we fail to secure a semblance of justice at any one of the three levels oh human right, the framework of all the others is unavoidably undermined and must finally collapse. Cosmopolitan right must be a supplement to the other two public right, only under this condition can we flatter ourselves that we are constantly approaching perpetual peace.In the fifth section, I describe three issues: meanings, features,legitimacy. Cosmopolitan right refers to the right that one can be permitted to visit a foreign land. This right is in a sense of law. The legitimacy derives from two theory of the finitude of globe and property.In the last section, I construe the influence of Kant's theory and describe the debates about it in contemporary era. Jurgen Habermas and John Rawls are important actors who take Kant's theory. I conclude the concord and differences between them.