Local Organizations. China And Rural Governance

The research of the rural society in China is of long standing and well established. Generally speaking, I divide the rural social research into three kinds of main normal models: the relation between the nation and society, the structure-functionalism and the community-culture. Furthermore, the share a common theme: Modernization. The modernization has bought the foundation of the social theory and strong realistic motive force to China's rural society research. But at the same time, its defect and weakness had also been brought in. I think the course of the rural society's modernization in China is also the course of the generating of the rural modern civil order.The research of the rural society should be launched around the course of organizing and generating of the rural civil orders; its basic frame can be described as the course-mechanism. Organizing course that have two kinds of main mechanism, construction and spontaneity, is also the course of generating of some social civil order. These two mechanisms are not the one-to-one correspondence, but merge each other, having together effects. According to the course of the ancient local organization in China, home-town organization and the family organization become two representative organizations and government strength. Their roles and function in generating rural civil order have just proved my conclusion. And since the modern times, the course-mechanism of local organizing is ruled by the modernized theme, demonstrating the characteristic of the strong national constructing as the leading factor. Meanwhile, as a behind external deriving modernized nation, this course can't be avoided. However, in this course, neglect ness and omission of social spontaneous power, making the evolution of modernization of China present a lot of faults too, leading to the origins of a lot of problems in society today. The local organization has brought the helpful micro angle to research of China's political development, indicating the modernization and politics developed of the rural society must be the results merged the two kinds of mechanism each other.The research of the local organized course-mechanism also indicates relationships between the nation and the society should not only simple antithesis, that cause the simple dualism during the relationship between the nation and society, but the complicated integration of the two trends, namely have complicated games, and are influencing the balances of force of the nation and society constantly. Meanwhile, complicated division and merger relation can be produced in their internal. In this course, the rural social structure can be established, and the structural system hasconstructed with the structures of power, organization and culture.The research of the local organized course-mechanism finally serves for the reform of rural governance. The reform of rural governance has two orientations of the nation and society and performs as perfecting bureaucrat and social governance-these two kinds of system design modes. But they are only ideal types; the realistic designs of reform are always integration of two orientations. We must promote the reform of rural governance with two respects. On the one hand, we must solve the sufficient of bureaucratization of basic administrative organization in China, and construct the rational government. On the other hand, we must enforce social self-organizing governance. Briefly, we have to pursue country-administration, township-congress and village-governance, combining together the two respects rationally.