Study Of Change And Innovation Of The New Land System In China

Institution is all the constrains that adjust relations of person and person . Benefit contradiction is fundamental motivation of institution changes . Institution has function of reducing transaction costs , protecting beneficiaries' benefit and constructing the mechanism of inspiration and constraints to beneficiaries. According different standard, we can get different type. For example, formal constrains and informal constrains, fundamental institution and special institution etc. Land tenure system is the constrains about ownership, utilization and management of rural land . It usually includes land property rights system, land management system and land administration system. My paper mainly researches those land tenure systems relating with collective ownership from the foundation of People' s Republic of China.After the foundation of People' s Republic of China, land tenure system in my motherland has been essentially changed. It has gone four stages. They are land reform stage, mutual aid group and elementary agricultural producers cooperative stage, advanced agricultural producers cooperative and People s Communes stage, household responsibility system stage. Before reform and opening, land tenure system made the property rights system of collective owership be established and mutal aid and cooperative system got some performance. But People' s Communes system caused unfavourable influence. It is a closed land tenure system. Those made land tenure system further be reformed. At the end, household kind contracted system was set up. After reform and opening, land tenure system not only persists land collective ownership but also innovates the form of property rights. Household management system has extremely high efficiency. Land administration system has been established and improved step by step. But with the development of economy and society, the defects of land tenure system appear slowly . It has not clear property rights. Farmers land ownership rights can' t be fully guaranteed . Household management system has potential contradiction . Land resource lacks transfer and optimizing allocation, so land tenure system need be improved and innovated .The improvement and innovation should insist on land collective ownership , consideration to both equality and efficiency , optimizing allcation of land resource, inspiration and constrain to beneficiaries, diverse patterns, protecting farmers' benefit, establishing legal institution andso on . In the future, land tenure system should protect farmers' land ownership rights, clarify property rights, construct transfer mechanism of land property rights. We will go along industrial management mode, improve land macro - administration system and explore effctive modes of collective ownership . At last, we need set up and improve the systems interrelating with land tenure system in order to privide favourable external conditions.