China's Local Government System Innovation Research

Institution is the rule which aims to restrict people's behaviors, and whose essence is the reflection of the social interest relations and is the divide and distribution of the social interest. Institution innovation is the process in which old institution is substituted or new institution is created, and is the newly define and distribution of the social interest, reflecting the change of social interest relations. Local government institution innovation is the process in which Local government create new institution or alter old institution in order to harmonize local social interest relations. In the view of status and function of local government, local government institution innovation can be divided into three types which is the innovation under central government authorization, the innovation which regional government dominate, and the innovation which is accomplished by regional government and local social group. Local government institution innovation generally is experimental, territorial and microcosmic.The reasons that local government promotes institution innovation are profound. Institution failure which results from institution default, institution conflict and institution shortage is intrinsic reason. The existence of relatively independent local government interest prompts Local government institution innovation. The change of constitution order, the relaxation of ideology and the drive of central policy provide loose environment for Local government institution innovation. There are some advantages in Local government institution innovation, which include reducing the cost and venture of institution innovation, improving the quality of central government institution and increasing effective supply of institution in that Local government know local instances much more.At the same time, because of the faultiness of the power relations between central government and local government, central policies and management system for regional leaders, there exist serious problems such as emphasizing partial interest and ignoring state interest, emphasizing short-term interest and ignoring long-range interest, emphasizing personal interest of regional leaders and ignoring local social public interest, sway the implement of central policies and block the reform, and baffle the integer advance of the reform and enlarge the regional gap.In order to improve local government institution innovation, we should amend the institution environment, build up the local government motivity and hold in the actions of local government. Through establishing stable relation between central government and regional government, enhance the status and function of regional government. By making central policies more scientific to create a good policy environment for regional government institution innovation. By improving financial system to boost up the regional government impetus. By reforming management system for regional leaders to induct correctly surprise the action of regional government institution innovation. By changing governmental functions to adjust the role of regional government. By improving decision-making mechanism to enhance the performance of regional government institution innovation.