Khrushchev On The Theory And Outcome Of The International Communist Movement And The General Line "

Is is one of the important theoretic topics in the area of international communist movement concerning Khrushchev's 'the total course of international communist movement'. This research is also a non-overstep great issue in terms of current deeply undergoing thesis on the Marxism in our country. Based on the principles of pursuing the origin and truth as well as being practical and realistic, the primary research was carried out concerning the causation, historic pathway of the formation and evolvement, major viewpoints as well as the historic consequence from Khrushchev's 'the total course of international communist movement'. The extension of Khrushchev's 'the total course of international communist movement'is very wide, whereas the basic content mainly includes issues of the era, war and peace, peaceful coexistence, peaceful competition, peaceful transition (abbreviated as 'three peace') and movement of nationalism etc. In the report of 'The 20th convention of Russian Communist', Khrushchev emphasized 'some essential issues in the international relationship'as: firstly, issue about war and peace. He pointed out that the primary character in current era was that Socialism had been extended out of one country and resulted in global system. It had been an undisputable truth for the coexistence of two economic systems between capitalism and socialism. The fundamental problem was war vs. peace. The characteristics of the era had been changed tremendously along with the enhanced force of socialism, upswing of nationalism, development of science and technology and increased hazard of nuclear war etc. Under the current international condition, the resort of preventing war was provided with not only in mentality but also in materiality. Consequently, the war was not inevitable. Secondly, issue about coexistence. Currently, it was coexistent era between socialism and capitalism. Under the realistic condition, there were two ways to solve the relationship problem between two systems: either coexistence or warring. The third way except for these two ones was not existed. Nuclear war was fatal for human being, as a result, coexistence was the only choice. Coexistence was neither flabbiness nor compromise. It was, however, another contended modality between two systems and extended struggle. Thirdly, issue about peaceful competition. Under current environment, the main means for socialism surmounting capitalism was peaceful competition, which mainly concerned on economical aspect. Economical competition was to accomplish Russian basic economical mission: catching up with and exceeding the most developed capitalism in the product output calculated according to population. United State of America was the most developed capitalist country, consequently, Russia should catch up with and exceed USA. Fourthly, isuue about peaceful transition. Due to fundamental change occurred on the world arena, the ways of the transition toward socialism would become more and more multiple. Any accomplishment of transition derived from those ways would not always correlate with civil war. He emphasized much more on the possibility of peaceful transition. Fifthly, issue about nationalism. Russia took the following issues as one of important content for diplomatic policy: establishing the relationship between Russia and developing country (the third world), especially supporting the nationalism movement. After 20th convention of Russian Communist Party, Khrushchev made his theory systemically and raised it up to total course for diplomatic policy of Russian party and government and afterward, expanded it gradually as 'total course of international communist movement'. At the initiation stage of the formation of this theory and policy, it caused impetuous dispute and led to ten year's controversy between Chinese and Russian Communist Party, which resulted in the split among socialist camp. The 'total course of international communist movement'of Khrushchev formed and developed gradually after he modulated intro-and inter-national relationship in the post-Stalin's era, realized the new character of post-world war II, considered and modulated traditional theory and strategies of international communist movement. The reason he brought forward these theory was as follows: the mission of the approach of cold war and alleviation of the tension in the international situation; the emergence of the inconsistency in socialist camp and the voice for establishing new form of relationship between Russia and East Europe; the need for modulating Russian domestic and diplomatic policy in the post-Stalin's era; the new consideration and its impact on the conflict between two camps at the approaching times of nuclear war; the need for probing into the theory on international communist movement in the era of post-would war II, the modulation of relevant strategies. Khrushchev broken traditional concept of 'the epoch between capitalism and proletariat revolution'and elucidated that the main feature of the post-war was not warfare and revolution, in stead of it, however, was coexistent age between two systems. He put forward the theory of 'avoidable war', 'coexistence', 'peaceful competition'and 'peaceful transition'etc. He also affirmed the diversity in the mode of constructing socialism and proposed ignoring the differences in the ideology, leant from the latest experience and technology from capitalism so as to develop socialism etc. All of these allegations accord with the progress trend in current times and his theory is the inheritance and development to the theory of Marxism under the new conditions. All of these Khrushchev's theory are not perfect or incomplete perfect, which, in addition to his increasingly exacerbate Kultur and party clique, led to the deviation between his diplomatic practice and the theory. In the mean time, because of the divarication in terms of this theory among other parties, the big dispute and split occurred in the international communist movement. The theory about 'total course of international communist movement'is the dispute focusbetween Chinese and Russian communist party in 1960's of twentieth century, which engendered tremendous impact. Since then, many Chinese and abroad scholars have conducted research focused on this area. Due to the different point of view, understanding of Marxism, distinct evaluation about Khrushchev's theory has also been obtained. Generally, This theory is widely supported in communist and labour parties at western European countries. Russian academia, which was influenced under the specific politics, have carried out little research on Khrushchev himself and his theory in the quite long time after his drop the reins of government. Since the disorganization of former Soviet Union, the academia have treated Khrushchev's theory positively and appraised it greatly. The research on these theory among our country's academia have produced many valuable accomplishments. The process of these researches in our country have undergone the transition from ascribing it initially to revisionism, which was led to be animadverted, to the latter stage of both praising and animadversion, and finally, to the stage of conducting the research from more practical point of view. The de novo research on Khrushchev's theory treats of how to evaluate Marxism, realize and built socialism. Derived from both positive and negative experience and tora, the following conclusion should be obtained: the attitude and way of historic and dialectic materialism must be applied to deal with historic events, historic person and relevant theory. Marxism must be persisted in and developed in practice. Only practicing like this way can we accord with the theoretical merit of Marxism about pursuing the progress in epoch.