| As a result of the society and the natural reason, in any system and any country, the general meeting have this kind of part of members of different social classes, they merely depend upon own strength to meet own survival need with difficulty, must solve the basic survival question namely impoverished problem, they can not depend on other members of different social classes, the social organization or the entire society's help, thereupon the social security history started. The modern social security system is the industrialization product, along with Industrial Revolution completing, the western society took the lead to realize from the agricultural society to the industry society's transformation. Has the great significance in this in the history transformation, the urbanized tide weakened in the agricultural society the family safeguard and the folk charitable safeguard function, is summoning the modern social security system establishment. Now, the world nearly all countries act according to respective political economical characteristic, the historical tradition and the cultural context, has established the social security system in the varying degree. Through method and so on social security, social relief, social service, causes these because is old, reason and so on disease, unemployment, birth, disaster, death loses the ability to work and the opportunity members of different social classes, may obtain must survival and social security. The social security may have such several meanings: First. it is the government one kind of national system which or the social policy implements through the legal means compulsion. Second. the country and the society are the social security main bodies, it usually constitutes by three essential factors: Government, guarantor and employer (or area). Thrid. it is one kind of social welfare system, its basic content is to receives guarantees the litigant to provide the basic life guarantee. Fourth. it is also one kind of security, social system, achieves the guarantee society through the safeguard members of different social classes' economic security the stability and security goal. The so-called social security system, is refers by a series of safeguards project constitution whole which mutually relates, mutually restricts. Is starts as the official system arrangement social security system from the modern times, the Bismarck government promulgated "Disease Social security Method" take 1883 as the symbol, the modern social security system official establishment. After the unceasing development, the consummation, the modern social security system has formed the sociality, fairness, the compulsory three major characteristics and three big basic principles is the universal principle: Manifests for the safeguard scope universality and the safeguard object universality; Equal principle: Manifests the social security is the all members of different social classes' joint undertaking, in pays should be just with the burden in; Valid principle: Focuses to solves the people to face at present is difficult, helps to overcome the crisis, gets through a difficult time.US is the most developed country of world economy in the nowadays, though whose social security legislation also developing lately rapidly in Western Europe every country, but with USA economic development level rise , social security cause. Now, no matter US safeguards legislation the type, or its safeguard scope and the level say, had achieved the American economy development and the capital appreciation proposed basic request. Studies the US social security system the development course, without doubt is helpful to us deepens to the US capitalist system essence understanding, develops the speed and the step regarding the policy-making our country social security enterprise provides the precious experience.The US as a result of its historical culture and the society morality influence, its social security system displays compared to other countries the obvious difference. This article attempts from cultural and the political angle conducts the research to the US social security system, in order to re-exam our Chinease social secutity system reformation.This essay mainly includes following six chapters.The preface generally describes the significance of selecting the subject, the doestic and international study status, research aim and the contribution of this essay.First chapter, mainly inspected the US social security system historical evolution, divides into US social security system development three stages: germinates-- the establishment--the develop and prospering. In the United States, social security system has been countered by liberalistic thoughts while it's struggling to systematization, although behind other western countries at the very beginning. During the New Deal of Roosevelt, social security system was employed as an anti-crisis measure. Afterwards, the social security project, the coverage unceasingly expanded moved towards the development and the prosperity.Second chapter, mainly elaborated has affected the US social security system establishment the intrinsic factor. Social security subject is a cross-subject including the studies on sociology, politics an economics, As we know, various economy is shaped according to the different culture or social environment. Modern social security must work under the control of the government as one of social systems. It is no doubt that social security system is affected by state system and political policy on a large scale. This chapter on from US'S culture, the political party system and the special interest group three aspects has made a more profound elaboration to the American political party system influence.Third chapter, mainly elaborated the US social security system display function. The US is one of modern society developed condition manifestations, market, socialized country typical representative. The influence which US'S social security system which in the social politics, the economical development plays the role and produces, as well as the social security function realization degree, aligns devotes said to socialist market economy construction China, has the important model significance. This chapter brief explained the US social security system to promotes the economical development, the promotion resources optimized disposition, the balanced political party benefit three aspects display function.Fourth chapter, importantly elaborated the US social security system enlightenment to Chinease. This chapter has first analyzed the China social security system present situation, and analyzed has affected the China social security system establishment the factor, finally summarized the US social security system to China's enlightenment significance, two gists are put forward when forming Chinease characteristic social security system is emphasized, which is Chinese cultural tradition and national mentality. Specifically speaking, the first point is equalized; the second is positive function of government in terms of the people's dependent mentality; the last one is to initiate the fulfillment filial duty of Chinese traditional morality, taking good advantage of single family on behalf of reformation.The postscript is a summary of the eassy, reiterated the practical significance which studies the US social security system, and pointed out founds Chinese the social security system certainly to have to respect China the traditional culture, and constructs has the Chinese characteristic the socialism safeguard system. |
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