| The history of Wei-Jin and the Northern-Southern Dynasties is always the Chinese historiography's focus where sprung up many great masters.But there are not enough study on this stage,especially on the Southern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties continue to use Lv(code) of Jin Dynasty and Notes of Iv by Zhangfei and Duyv in substance.So scholars of past ages have already reached a common view that legal system was relax and study of Iv declined in the Southern Dynasty.However,this view lead to a universal overlook on legal system and study of lv in the Southern Dynasties.But if we peruse study of lv in the Southern Dynasties,we can see there have been substantial content and made a unique style.This thesis aim to add to a better understanding on study of lv in the Southern Dynasties over a viewpoint and contribute to a new acquaint through making an on-the-spot investigation on the research of study of lv of Kong's family from Kuai Ji.The chapter 1.This chapter aim to make a introduction about the background of the research of study of lv of Kong's family.In this part, through inspecting ancient books and records,the author describes the people who have learned and passed on study of lv,including Wang's family from Lang-Ya,Cui's family from Qing-He,Cai's family from Ji-Yang,Pei's family from He-Dong,Zang's family from Dong-Guan,Yu's family from Kuai-Ji and ten or so scholars.On one hand,the author makes a summary about some of these scholars referred in Cheng-shude and Chen-yinque's books;On the other hand,the author uncovers some scholars who haven't been referred in any other books in order that others can check them more conveniently.In a word,there still have been many people learning and passing on study of lv at that time and the research of study of lv of Kong's family is no wonder under this kind of academic background.On the whole,the research of study of lv of Kong's family was distinct from multitudinous scholars.So,the author use a chapter to discuss the research of study of lv of Kong's family specially.The chapter 2.The chapter get into the subject of this thesis,namely studying the tradition of the research of study of lv of Kong's family.Kong's family from Kuai Ji is a powerful families and great clans during Six-Dynasties,who still learned and passed on study of lv generation by generation during the Southern Dynasties.The representatives of the Family include Kong-Linzhi,Kong-Yuanzhi,Kong-Xiuzhi,Kong-Zhigui, Kong-Xiuyuan and Kong-Huan.The other members of the Family also held the post of judges or commissioners who were familiar with the form of government and Code,many of whom gained lots of prestige in that time.The family-tradition of research of study of lv went through 200 years from Jin to Chen dynasty,which made a culture sign of Kong's family basing themselves in Southern Dynasties upon.It was also typical that family-tradition contained passing on the study oflv at that time.The chapter 3.After last chapter,the author aim to go still one step further to show the academic features and culture quality of Kong's family through introducing and elaborating the deeds and academic opinion of Kong-Zhigui who was a member of Kong's family.Kong-Zhigui is an important scholar of lv in the Southern Dynasties,whose post and deeds proved that he carried on the academic tradition of Kong's family and also reflected its serious family education.His New table of Notes of Lv proved that he was proficient in study of lv and led to a change in the new age.His focus of legal principle was actually the new achievement of study of lv after Wei-Jin Dynasties and reflected new style and features of study of lv after Han-Wei Dynasties.His sigh to prosperous study of lv of last Dynasties revealed the truth that study of lv in the Southern Dynasties had went downhill and need to revive.In Generally speaking,Kong-Zhigui's veiwpoint and proposition represented that Kong's family stressed ceremony and propriety at the expense of Lv(Code) and reflected the trend of social thought in the time to a certain degree,which also proved in turn that it wasn't accidental that Kong-Zhigui attached importance to law.The chapter 4.The time feature of learning and passing on study of lv by Kong's family.Through poring over ancient books,the author find that Kong's family studied both Jing(Collection of Confucian books) and Lv(Code),and yet stressed ceremony and propriety at the expense of Lv(Code) in the midst of learning and passing on study of lv,what was the outcome of spirit of this age.Besides,because the research of study of lv of Kong's family stem directly from judicial experience rather than academic research,their scholarship usaually had a practical and important significance.In order to understand profoundly the feature of study of lv of Kong's family,the author quotes somewhat the feature of learning and passing on study of lv by the Feng' family from Bo-Hai in Northern Dynasties;Meanwhile,the author compares the research of study of lv of Kong's family with that of Feng' family and atempts to make an approach to the difference and its cause between the Northern and the Southern Dynasties. The author thinks the Southern Dynasties declined because of sticking to old cuture(the accomplishments are in excess of the solid qualities),while the Northern Dynasties gained immortal achivement on national reconstruction during the crush and fusion of the Han ethnic group and savage(the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments).Thus,it apperred that the research of study of lv of the Northern Dynasties flourished,whereas what of the Southern Dynasties decomposed.The chapter 5.The author intends to draw a conclusion about Kong's family's place in history.The research of study of lv of Kong's family was distinct from all the reaserchers of study of lv.Many members of family of Kong held the post of judge and played a leading role in research of study of lv.Meanwhile,The scholarship of Kong's family made great contributions to legislation.Kong-Zhigui once participated and played a leading role in legislation in the period of Yong Ming during the Qi-Dynasty.Although this Code hadn't been put into practice,it didn't only promote the inheritance and development of scholarship of Zhangfei and Duyv's Notes of Lv,also was absorbed in Liang and Chen Dynasties' law.After Kong-Zhigui,descendants of Kong's family carried on Kong-Zhigui's cause.If we broaden our vision to the evolution of society,culture,systematic learning and system of the middle ancient times,we can even see Kong's family's contributions to system of Sui-Tang Dynasties.In conclusion,We should regard the place of Kong's family in the research of study of lv as positive.The chapter 6.After inspecting and discussing Kong's family and the life of Kong-Zhigui,the author intend to depict the new focus of study of lv of the southern Dynasties and summarize the new development of study of lv of the southern Dynasties in both content and form in the light of historical materials. Although the shcolarship of study of lv of the southern Dynasties haven't been seen,we can still ascertain there were two orientations of research of study of lv at that time.One was research of lv(Code) of Han Dynasty,the other was discussion of current lv(lv of Jin Dynasty).Besides,the new scholarship of study of lv of the southern Dynasties can be observed through discussion adout difficult and complicated cases of justice recorded in historical materials.the author thinks,although the scale of research of study of lv of the southern Dynasties wasn't enough extensive,there were still some new style and content which turned into the source of legal system and study of lv of Sui-Tang Dynasties.Like the research of study of lv of Jin Dynasty,the style of research of study of lv of the Southern Dynasties was brief and to the point, and what also reflected the evolution of the history of systematic learning.The research of study oflv of the southern Dynasties absorbed and used some new methods stem from Collection of Confucian books and Collected Commentaries on Buddhist scriptures,etc.All of what above-mentioned finally led to the birth of Notes and commentaries on lv in Tang Dynasty.The study of lv separated itself from study of Jing,what was a important change in the research of study of lv of the southern Dynasties.The author briefly analyses the cause and influence of the independence of the research of study of lv and find that the independence of the research of study of lv wasn't good under this kind of political and academic background of ancient China. |
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