The Influence Of Interpreting Level, Option Framework And Task Characteristics On Risk Decision - Making Preference Of Hearing Impaired College Students

Since1981, Tversky and Kahneman first proposed the concept of framing effects, the field of research on decision-making framing effects become abound. Framing effect refers to the people face the same problem with actual meaning, and the problem be expressed positive or negative description, they will show a different decision preference. Previous research studies have verified whether the framing effects appear in different contexts decision-making, and there are also the studies for the influencing factors of the framing effects. The level of construal is an event that people have different levels of abstraction, represented by different interpretations of cognitive levels; It may affects people’s decision-making preferences. The level of construal originated in the study of psychological distance, time, probability, social distance as an important dimension of psychological distance, they are all important factors that affecting the preferences. Previous studies on the construal level are limited to the impact on people’s perception and psychological distance estimation, risky decision has not been involved in the field. Similarly, the relationship between the level of construal and the psychological distance clues was discussed by few people. Because of the lack of experience of hearing, the cognitive development of the deaf people is also be affected to some degree, previous studies are rarely involved cognitive research about the hearing impaired. This study compares the deaf and hearing subjects though tested under different experiments, study the relationship between the level of construal and the three explicit psychological distance clues.Throughout the study includes four experiments. Experiment I, subjects were selected hearing-impaired and hearing subjects, respectively, including high and low levels of construal and the decision-making tasks using life problem, use the different levels of two types were tested to explain the preferences in risky decision-making; Experiment II, select hearing and hearing-impaired subjects to accept the two level of construal mindset experiment, and then using the economic decision-making tasks with different time, comparing differences of the two types of risk preference and investigate the relationship between distance and time to explain the level of construal; The third experiment, discuss the hearing and hearing-impaired subjects were tested using different probability levels of risky tasks, comparing differences of the two types of preference and investigate the relationship between distance and probability to explain the level of construal; Experiment Ⅳ, select the hearing and hearing-impaired subjects to accept the two level of construal mindset experiment, and then using decision-making tasks with different social distance, comparing differences of the two types of the risk preference and investigate the relationship between preference and social distance to explain the level of construal.Comprehensive analysis of the results of our experiments, the main conclusions obtained as follows:(1) Life decisions, economic decision-making and part-time enrollment decision task, the hearing-impaired subjects showed more risk seeking than hearing subjects, there are non-significant difference in the framework of different options of two types of participants.(2) In the absence of explicit psychological distance clues in life decision-making task, explained the subjects with low level of construal showed more prone for framing effects.(3) In different distance conditions, the subjects with high level of construal exhibit more risk seeking than the low levels. At low levels of probability, the subjects with high level of construal exhibit more risk seeking than the low levels of construal. Depend the dual system of decision theory, time and probability have a similar impact on the influencing mechanism.(4)The social distance has no the similar impact with time distance and probability, it may be because of different psychological distance dimensions has a different way that affects the decision-making.