Framing Effects On Risk Decision-making In Junior High School Students

Risk decision refers to the decision with best desired results, which is chosen in the condition where we are able to estimate or predict the probability of events in the future. This process and the result of risk decision are uncertain. Since framing effect of risk decision found by2002Nobel economics laureate Kahneman and Tversky, the analysis of the relationship between the effect of risk decision and its framing effects has quickly become one of the hot issues. Framing effects refers to the phenomenon that different expression approaches for the same information and question will affect the choice preference of decision makers. This study is based on the perspective of psychology and will adopt psychological research methods to analyze the characteristics of the tendency of junior high school students’risk decison and its framing effects.This paper consists of two researches. For the first research, students of a high shcool are subjects, the classic "Asia disease problem" risk decision tendency questionnaire has been adopted, investigates the overall tendency of risk decision-making of gender and grade in junior high school students and the framing effects. The second research still selected the junior high school students as subjects, emotions and the role of variables has been introduced on the basis of the first research. Through evoking positive and negative emotions, the effects caused by emotions, roles and framing effects for the influence of risk decision tendency of junior middle school students have been discussed.The results of the study show that:(1) There are obvious framing effects when junior high school students make risk decision. Under the negative framework, subjects tend to seek risk, while under the positive framework the subjects tend to be risk aversion.(2) The gender variable has caused significant differences of risk decision tendency. The male subjects tend to risk seeking when they are making risk decisions, while female subjects are more conservative and more inclined to risk aversion.(3) There are distinguished differences in risk decisions made by junior middle school students from different grades in the condition of different frameworks. Students in grade two are more more inclined to risk seeking compared to students in grade in positive framework.(4) Junior high school students in negative framework conditions show more risk seeking tendencies than in positive framework. Subjects that affected by postive emotions are more inclined to risk seeking than those in negetive emotions. Subjects in self-role conditions have more risk seeking tendency.(5) In positive frameworks, subjects affected by positive emotions tend to risk seeking, while subjects affected by negative emotions tend to make risk aversion. In positive framework conditions, subjects in self role group will be more inclined to risk seeking, subjects in other-role group tend to risk aversion.