Athletes In Training And Competition Will Difficulties And Adhere To The Strategy

Volitional action is a process that connects the subject with the object and manifests the human nature that distinguishes mankind from the other animals. Due to the complication of this subject and the limitation of research methods, few investigations specialized in this field is conducted, result in little, if any, progress of further comprehension about it. Even though this issue is very essential to help understand human nature, thus it has a high theoretical value, and is urgently needed to be applied to training and competition, as is reflected from coaches and athlete, thus it is useful in practice, few field research has been done and seldom has any satisfactory found come into being.phenomenological interview is one of the efficient measures that can cope with this complicated problem. With the development of methodology, a kind of interview based on phenomenology and existentialism, namely, phenomenological interview, catches attention of researchers, and is applied in the sport psychology research and is claimed to be very useful. According to its ideology, the aim of this method is to focus on the individual's subjective experience thus to describe the meaning of this experience. Though Pre-hypothesis during this kind of study cannot be excluded, participate-centered principle is strongly followed. That is to say, unlike common interview, participate dominates in this process. Once the dialogue-like process begins, each and every question asked is focused on what the interviewee has said. Like any other interview, rapport is highly recommended to be built. Another strong characteristic is that participates are the experts in the domain which the research is concerned with is allowed in this methodology. Coding and the following quantitative analysis add to the objectivity of this methodTwenty participates take part in this study, and all of whom are elite athletes from two different types of sports, self-paced and other-paced. Results: in training, physical adversities are much more than psychological problems, and basic coping strategies is more often used. During competition, vice verse, rather more psychological problems than physical ones, and cognitive coping strategies is more often used. Difficulties met and coping strategies used are different in the two sport types.