| With the development of knowledge, ideas of knowledge have been changed. The transformation in ideas of knowledge will certainly affect educational ideas, because on the hand the spread and accumulation of knowledge depend on teaching, on the other hand education is on the base of knowledge. In a sense how to understand knowledge really affects the way we understand education. It is the differences in ideas of knowledge that bring about different educational ideas.Firstly, the essay straightens out some views about knowledge and defines outlook in knowledge. Knowledge is a concept with plentiful intension and wide extension. It can be studied from different angles. The essay mainly inquires into knowledge on the base of epistemology, sociology and informatics. Accordingly the ideas of knowledge are defined the views about knowledge value, knowledge attainment, knowledge nature and knowledge existence.Secondly, the essay probes into two main ideas of knowledge in history梞etaphysics outlook in knowledge and science outlook in knowledge, and their respective educational ideas.In knowledge value, metaphysics outlook in knowledge believes that knowledge is wisdom and the value of knowledge lies in cognizing self. The purpose of inquiring knowledge is not to get practical benefit, but to meet the need of wisdom. In knowledge attainment, it stresses that unified and universal knowledge is real knowledge, and that attainment of knowledge relies on logic and thought, not sensation. On the base of the outlook in knowledge, it insists education should develop human's reason, which has nothing to do with utility or occupation. On the education contents, metaphysics outlook in knowledge thinks metaphysics knowledge concerning nature and human life is leading, which means school educationshould primarily deliver some pure, absolute and ultimate knowledge, which mainly contends ethics and morals knowledge. On the teaching method, "obeying the authority" and "quoting from classics works" become the special features of education on the metaphysics outlook in knowledge.Science outlook in knowledge insists knowledge be power, which has something to do with happiness. The value of knowledge lies in utility. The real knowledge is not subjective or speculative, but scientific and positive. On the base of the outlook in knowledge, scientism is characteristic of education. Scientism educational ideas involve three features. (1) Emphasizing educational utility: In accord with stressing practicability of knowledge, latter-day education opposes ornamental of classicality education and insist education should meet the substantial need of individual and nation; (2) Paying attention to science education: Scientism educational ideas insist that science knowledge have a dominant position in school course; (3) Knowledge-oriented: The educational ideas equate school education with classroom teaching, which is equal to teaching the systematic reasonal knowledge, in which the cognitive activity of individual becomes the center. (4) Education process shows the features of procedure, technique and standardization.Thirdly, great changes have taken places on the ideas of knowledge with the transformation from industry society to knowledge society. (1) Transformation in the values of knowledge to society and to human. Knowledge is resource, capital and wealth in the values of knowledge to society; The values of knowledge to human cover that the development of human is not decided by knowledge, but is allodium on the intercourse with knowledge, and that not only is the value of knowledge to human utilitarian, but also knowledge promotes free development of human's spirit. The need and value of human are the most important when human encounter knowledge. (2) The range of knowledge has expanded, which is fromacademic knowledge to integration of academic and practical knowledge. (3) Renewal of knowledge nature: one side knowledge has something to do with culture and context, namely, any kind of knowledge lies in certain fa... |
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