Political Phenomenon Of Returned Students Study The End Of The Qing

The Amercian Returned Students (A.R.S.)were one of the parts of the modern overseas students.They play a very important role in China's modernization,and many of them were engaged in politics.lt was the first climax for the A.R.S to be engaged in politics during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China(1890s-1928).Howerve,the academic circles didn't pay much attention to it.This article inspects and studys this phenomenon form different four aspects.This studies and inspections are done with the help of other people's reseach achievement. And the inspections covers three periods:the later Qing Dynasty ,Nanjing Provisional Government and Beiyang Government.This work is done through the collection of the relative documents,and the historical reseach methods,for example,individual analysis,quantitative analysis qualitative analysis and comparative analysis have been used in this article.The preface of the article introduce briefly the development of the movement of studying abroad in Amercia in modern China(1870s-1920s).And it also tells the general situation of the A.R.S's engagement in politics and the situation of the circles' reseach on this problem.It includes four parts in the body of the article.Firstly ,the articles analysizes the causes of the A.R.S' engagement in politics.lt was the fact that Chinese people were facing the danger of the nation's existence and polities' decline made the A.R.S be concerned with politics.China were experiencing a unsteady and reforming period,which made it necessary for the A.R.S to be engaged in policits.And their engagement was the self-value's realization which was caused by the traditional idea that excellent people should be engaged in politics.Secondly,the article investigates three ways of their engagement,namely,dependirig on the feudalism bureaucrat's recommending ,attending the exams for the overseas students ,and self-recommending.Thirdly ,it tells the characteristics of the A.R.S'engagement in politics.During this period,there were more returned students engaged in politics from Japan than from America,but there were many A.R.S got higher posistion,especially in the field of foreign affairs,there were more of them ,and they greater achievement in it.Finally,the article probes into the function and the limitation which the Amercian returned students who were engaged in politics caused the modernization of China's political system.In some degreed,the A. R.S promoted the innovation of bureaucratic politics and the change of political system in modern China by theirdemocracy, reformism and the professional training they had received from the.U.S,which made it possible for China regained a portion of rights to defend the state sovereignty and vindicat the national honor.However,because of the adversal circumstance of modern China's policits and the A. R,S.' inclination to Amercia,their promotion to China's political modernization was limited and they didn't get rid of the influence of the bureaucratic politics and the fawning on foreign powers.