The Start Of The Modernization Of Education

Modernization refers to the transformation process from traditional agriculture society to modern industry society, which is also the transition from "the first stage" to "the second stage" in Max' Three Stage Theory. The root of modernization is the person's modernization. Since modernized people own to education, education will be modernized from the tradition by all means while accompanying the social transformation.After defeated in 1900 war against eight allied countries , Late-Ching dynasty was in a real dangerous situation, who had no choice but to implement New Policy. And educational reformation was one of the most important parts of the reformation and attracted much attention of the rulers. Many measures were put into practice and achieved a lot including reforming traditional local colleges, setting up new-style schools, unifying school system, abolishing traditional examinations, establishing the ministry of education, developing girl schools and popularizing primary education. These implements had initiated China's educational modernization.The dissertation which consists of five foundational chapters besides preface and epilogue describes the modernization characteristics of the educational reformation of Late-Ching dynasty as systematization, popularization and practicability.At first the thesis has a theoretical explanation of some concepts and points out it is Late-Ching' educational reformation that has initiated China's educational modernization.Then the following three chapters respectively discuss three characteristics in detail. About systematization, I narrate the process of establishing new school system and abolishing traditional examinations which lasted for more than 1,300 years. The center task of reformation shifted to establish an administrative department of education after the new school system. Then I focus on the other two characteristics, which includes popularizing primary education, giving the female some educational rights, advocating pragmatic spirits, developing industry education and etc.The last part makes an analysis of the positive effects and the defects of the reformation. I think that the reformation has paved the way for educational development of the Republic of China and strengthen the stratification of intellectuals. There are also some defeats such as the remains of feudalism, the deformation of new schools.Through the study, I have realized that the reformation is a continual process and the results of reformation lies in the joint forces of every estate. At the same time I have realized education reformation must adapt to the development of history.