Analysis On Game Dilemma Of Environmental Cooperation Management

Environmental problems have characters such as dependence, comprehensiveness, complexity, Space imbalance and Intergenerational inequality. The characteristics of environmental problems decide the importance and necessity of Inter-regional cooperation, trans-department cooperation and cooperation between multiple subjects on solving environmental problems. This article selects two typical cases, the one is cooperation between nations to respond to climate crisis, the other is domestic regional cooperation on solving Bohai sea water pollution, and then use the game theory analyzes the relationship and interactive mode among each related subject, and seek cooperation dilemma reasons. First, analyze the environmental cooperation between countries, take the"tragedy of the commons"in global climate issues as example: Each country are trying to get a bigger portion of energy, resource and scope of green house gas emissions in the future world under admitting that the earth resources and bearing capacity are limited, which is the substance of global warming game. It comes to a conclusion by taking America and China for example to analyze that the cause of climate tragedy of commons derives from the gaming participants'pursuit of short-term benefit for their own and neglect of long-term interest and basic interest of human being. Search to the bottom, it shows that liberal democracies countries are restricted by the internal games which are encouraged by the liberal democracy, as well as the developing countries are limited by the external games which result in security needs under the anarchical and unfair international system. Second, analyze domestic regional environmental cooperation management, take the predicament on pollution abatement around Bohai sea as example: the goal function of stakeholders: central government, as spokesman of public interests (public interest maximization); local governments, make their choice during multiple game (coordinate and choose between the public interests and individual interests); enterprises, gainfulness (profit maximization); fisherman, vulnerable groups (individual utility maximization). Secondly, deconstruct the interactive gaming process of various parties in the case of Bohai Sea: the games in corporations--tragedy of the commons; enterprises and government--supervise game and benefits of the "conspiracy; the games in local governments-- zero-sum game; central government and local governments--principal-agent mechanism and incomplete information dynamic game. In order to breakdown the predicament and construct a environment-friendly society in Bohai Sea Rim, it is necessary to absorb the reasonable factor of Ecological Modernization Theory to be the guiding ideology and form the environmental policy after full negotiation of the involved stakeholders to enact Bohai Law as rules of the game. Finally, raise the environmental cooperation paradigm (through the common management between government and society (community), the public-private cooperation between state and market, the private - social cooperation market and society (community) to achieve environmental management) based on the governance theory, which is accord with the characteristics of modern environmental problems and cracked the bottleneck of the past environmental cooperation governance mode .