Study On The Technology Safety Of Reboiler In Nitrobenzene Rectification

Nitrobenzene belongs to the fine chemistry industry production, campareing with huge oil refining device, the scale and production campacity of the nitrobenzene devices are small. Nowadays the study on safety of the nitrobenzene production is poor in our country. With the nitrobenzene industry expanding, the hazardous chemicals including flammability, explosion, and poison substances are increasing.Moreover, due to lack of understanding, the accidents of production process in the nitrobenzene rectification reboiler unit occur frequently. These incidents result in heavy casualties, huge economic loss. In order to reduce or avoid the accidents of the reboiler in nitrobenzene rectification unit occurring, we need to study on the main risk factors and characte- ristics of the system for reboiler in the nitrobenzene rectification unit.According to domestic and foreign researches about the explosion of nitrobenzene production industry, the thermokinetics data of hazardous matters for nitrobenzene reboiler are analyzed from intrinsic safety, which include the rate of heat release, heat of reaction, the onset exothermic temperature, activation energy, reaction order and the heat transfer coefficient in thermal chemical reaction process.Then the process safety are studied. At the same time, the experimental researches of the nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene, the coking properties in reboiler unit ( 2,4 - dinitrophenol sodium as the representative ) are made by the simultaneous thermal analyzer, C80 microcalorimeter, and rapid screening calorimetry instrument. The work of test and analysis the thermokinetics behavior for the process of the hazardous matters self- decomposition reactions are attained. The runaway reaction conditions, control mode and the critical criterion are analyzed. In the research work, study the safe process by combining with thermal analysis experimental data, applying BAM impact sensitivity tests measure the impact sensitivity of sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate. Study on the influence of impact energy to the safety of hazardous materials in the nitrobenzene rectification reboiler.The innovations in this paper are that using thermal analysis methods to test the thermal stability properties of the dangerous substances in the nitrobenzene rectification unit and then study on the safety property of the process plant. The research achievement can be applied in the actual situation, this not only has important practical value for improveing the security of nitrobenzene distillation process, but also these basic parameters can be used to make decision scientifically, identify the process route more closely, draw up scientific and reasonable precautions. It is a great of significant to realize the safety of production process. At the same time, the study has considerable significance to carry out this work for improving safety of the other dangerous chemicals production process, it can also provide important reference value to improve the intrinsic safety of the production process in terms of source.