Effects Of Feeding Model On Welfare Of Broiler

In the Intensive farming conditions, the existent environment of poultry is very simple; rearing density severely limits the activities and behavior of broiler expression.The formation of these phenomena on the broiler long-term chronic stress, severe damage to the welfare of broiler chickens. In this study, we were taking animal welfare as the point of view to compare the welfare, production performance and meat quality of broilers under different feeding model of the welfare.Experiment 1: 200 healthy and body weight 633.58±4.12g Avian broilers of 22 days(male and female evenly divided) were randomly allocated into two treatments which including floor-reared, free-range, four replicates per treatment, twenty-five broilers per replicate.The results show that: In the two treatment groups, the Lying behavior, drinking behavior, feeding behavior, and fighting behavior was not significant (P>0.05), free-range group of walking behavior, standing behavior, foraging behavior, sand bath and preening behavior, and tonic immobility duration significantly higher than those in floor-reared group (P<0.05), feather pecking behavior was significantly lower than floor-reared group (P<0.05). In free-range treatment, lying group, standing, walking behavior in the observation time of morning were significantly higher than those in the afternoon (P<0.05), while no significant difference in feeding behavior (P>0.05).The two treatment groups of tibia length, circumference of the tibia, and fluctuanting asymmetry of tibia length and circumference of the tibia were not significant (P>0.05). In free-range group average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, contents of abdominal fat and fluctuanting asymmetry of wings length were significantly smaller than those in floor-reared group (P<0.05), mortality was significantly higher than the floor-reared group (P <0.05). In Floor-reared group and free-range group gait score, feather score were not significant (P> 0.05).Between the two treatment groups pH₁, pH₂, crude fat, crude protein, cooking loss were not significantly different (P>0.05). Shear forces of free-range group was significantly higher than the floor-reared group (P<0.05), muscle fiber density was significantly lower than floor-reared group (P<0.05).Experiment 2: In a 3×2 factor experiment, 160 22 days of healthy weight was 650.45±7.00g AA broilers (male and female evenly divided) were randomly divided into 8 groups to study energy, salt, and rearing density on broiler welfare and production performance and meat quality traits.The results show that: broiler weight gain, feed intake, tibia length, and immune factors were not affected by the main factors of experimental design, the contents of abdominal fat significantly affected by energy, high-energy diet fed to broiler abdominal fat was significantly higher than fed with low energy levels in broiler (P <0.05). Feed conversion significantly affected by the energy level and salinity, the level of high energy can significantly reduce the feed conversion (P <0.05), and the high salt content is just the opposite (P<0.05). Broiler mortality in high-energy and high salt was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05).Broiler circumference of tibia length were not affected by various factors significantly tibia length is mainly affected by rearing density, high-density broiler tibia length was significantly shorter in the low density of broiler (P<0.05), in high-density fluctuanting asymmetry of wing length was significantly greater than fluctuanting asymmetry of wings length in low-density (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the tonic immobility duration of high density was still significantly higher than the low-density (P <0.05).Shear force of muscle, fat content, pH₁, the crude protein content of the experimental design were not affected by the main factors, the cooking loss is mainly affected by the impact of stocking density, high-density cooking loss was significantly greater than the low density of cooking loss (P <0.05), PH2 of muscles significantly affected by energy, high-energy diet significantly reduced the level of pH2 of muscle (P<0.05).Conclusion: The free-range group was better for the express their innately actions and behaviors. In different feeding model, meat quality is basically no change in the composition. But free-range model has been more natural environment but improves broiler mortality, reduced weight gain in broilers, for the production performance of broiler chickens have a negative impact.Broilers of different dietary energy levels for broiler production performance, although it increased abdominal fat but also reduces the feed conversion rate, high energy level will increase pH2 of muscle, on meat quality are promoted. High density of chickens will increase stress and affect the body symmetry of broiler, reduce the welfare of broilers, salinity in this experiment have a negative effect of the daily gain but had little effect on other indicators.