Effect Of Different Fertilizations And Improving Methods On Soil Property And Quality Of Tobacco

In order to find the optimum fertilization model for tobacco production in Weibei dryland and south of Shaanxi province, we conducted field experiments in Long-xian and Luo-nan, which are the main fields for tobacco production in shanxi province. We studied the effect of different fertilization models (CK, chemical fertilizer, tobacco-specific fertilizer, organic manure, organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer, organic manure combined with microbial manure) on growth, economic level, quality of tobacco as well as the content of soil nutrient, enzyme activity and soil micro-organism activity. We also discussed the effect of the repair reagent- actinomyces agent on the promoting growth and quality of tobacco. The main results of this study were as follows:1. Fertilizers promoted tobacco growth and also improved its economic indicators. the agronomical characters and economic indicators were characterized by distinct zonality. The treatment of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer was the best for the tobacco growth and economic benefit. Correlation analyses showed that the economic indicators were influenced by plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length and width, numbers of leaves and knot length. All this showed economic indicators were reflected by agronomical character.2. Fertilizers can improve tobacco quality. Compared with CK, fertilizations can increase the content of the main composition of tobacco and improve its coordination. The treatment of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer was the best one both in Long-xian and Luo-nan areas in 2009. But to long-xian area in 2010, inorganic fertilizers were better than other treatments. We discussed the application of TD in the tobacco quality evaluation , which was further demonstrate that organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer was a better fertilizer model.3. Fertilizers can increase the content of soil nutrients and decrease the pH of the soil. In organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatments, organic matter, Alkali N, Available P increased in Long-xian area. While organic manure is better in Luo-nan area. For the content of available K, tobacco-specific fertilizer is the best one both in Long-xian and Luo-nan areas. Inorganic manure can significantly decrease the pH of soil. Correlation analysis showed that organic matter content and avilable N/ P /K content were significantly or remarkably significantly positive relevant to economic indicators, tobacco agronomical characteristics and qualities, pH was negative relevant.4. Compared with CK, fertilizers improved soil enzyme activity, especially organic matter combined with inorganic fertilizer. Soil enzyme activity of organic treatment increased higher than the inorganic treatment in Luo-nan area, which didn't exist in Long-xian. In 2010 Long-xian area, the soil activities were improved for some extent than 2009. Correlation analysis between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient indicated that urease, invertase, arylsulphatase and total enzyme activity can be as the indicators for soil fertility.5. Fertilizers can increase the number of bacteria and actinomyces, the soil respiratory intensity, soil microbial biomass carbon, decrease the number of fungi and microbial metabolic quotient, especially of the organic manures. To long-xian area, the treatment of organic manure combined with microbial manure was obvious enhanced bacteria number and the respiratory intensity; the number of fungi was the least by the organic manure treatment had the least ; organic mature combined with inorganic mature treatment had the largest soil microbial manure and the minimum microbial metabolic quotient. While in Luo-nan County, the treatment of organic manure combined with inorganic manure can obvious enhanced bacteria number, improved the respiratory intensity and decreased fungi number; the most microbical biomass carbon and the least microbial metabolic quotient were organic mature. The number of actinomyces was the most by the treatment of tobacco-specific fertilizers both in Long-xian and Luo-nan areas. Correlation analysis between micro-activities and soil nutrient indicated that micro activities can be the indicators of soil fertility.6. Microbial remediation agent-- actinomyces can promoted the growth of tobacco seedling, improved the biomass of tobacco seedlings, enhanced the photosynthesis capacity, root activities, PPO activities and NR activities of tobacco leaf. Especially for inoculated with 2.5g/kg biocontrol actinomyces had strongest effect, tobacco seeding grew better than other treatment. The field experiment results showed that the organic combined with inorganic fertilizers had better effect on tobacco growth and tobacco quality than the organic fertilization. Actinomyces agent had little effect on the growth,root vigor ,PPO activity of tobacco leaf and quality of tobacco.