| Coptis chinensis is one of herbs which is commonly used in our country. In recent years, the demand of Coptis chinensis is increasing with the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of Coptis chinensis. How to improve the quality and production of Coptis chinensis, is a worth researching problem in cultivation of Coptis chinensis. The effect of different fertilizers of N,P,K on Coptis growth and development, dry matter accumulation and distribution, nutrients accumulation and distribution, changes in the alkaloids content, variations in the berberine were studied in this paper. The influence of fertilization on growth and quality of Coptis chinensis was discussed to set up reasonable cultivation measures and science formulation of fertilizer.The main results are as follows:1. Effect of different fertilizers on leaf number and plant height of Coptis in rice field, dryland and uncultivated field showed a similar influence. Compared with that of the control (N0P0K0), the leaf number and plant height of Coptis under different fertilizations increased in varying degrees, indicating that fertilization had a significant promotion on the growth of Coptis. While any two factors of N, P, K kept constant, the leaf number or plant height of Coptis increased with the increase of N or K level, and both of them reached the biggest values under N2P2K2 treatment, but the effect of the high level of N (N3P2K2) or high K level (N2P2K3) was lower than that of N2P2K2, which indicated that simply increasing N or K could not effectively promote the growth of Coptis during its early development stage and the appropriate N, P, K application had a better effect on early grow of Coptis.2. Substance accumulation of Coptis under different fertilizers were higher than that of the N0P0K0, biomass accumulaition under different fertilizers increase differently at the speed and magnitude. Under different fertilizers (N0P2K2, N2P2K0, N1P2K1, N2P2K2), dry matter accumulation of Coptis in overground and underground part increased significantly, which that the N2P2K2 reached the biggest values; Compared with respectively no N(N0P2K2) and no K(N2P2K0)treatments, dry matter accumulation of Coptis in overground and underground part increased significantly under N2P2K2 treatment. Dry matter accumulation of Coptis in the various parts could be enhanced with reasonable N, P, K fertilization; Dry matter accumulation of Coptis in various parts under no N treatment was lower than no K treatment, and the effect of N on the dry matter accumulation of Coptis in various parts was greater than K during its early development stage.It was showed that dry matter accumulation appeared a rising trend under the same fertilizer, proportion of dry matter accumulation of Coptis in overground and underground part was changing. From June to August, proportion of dry matter of Coptis in overground part in rice field had grew rapidly, and started to decline 4 months later and started to increase from November to March. However proportion of dry matter accumulation of Coptis in overground and underground part in dryland and uncultivated field was different in rice field, from November to March, and it appeared a decline trend.3. The total nitrogen concentrations of Coptis in overground and underground part under each treatment in rice field were higher than that of the control (N0P0K0), and had a different increasing degree, which was highest under N2P2K2 treatment, and was followed in the whole N, P and K (N2P2K3, N3P2K2, N2P2K1, N1P2K2) treatment; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency diseases (N0P2K2, N2P2K0) treatment was lowest.From June to November, the total nitrogen concentrations of Coptis in overground and underground part under each treatment in rice field declined gradually, and rapidly increased from November to March; total nitrogen content trend in the dryland and uncultivated field was the same as rice fields form August to March, which was a decrease then increase. From June to November, the total nitrogen concentrations of overground part was higher than underground part with each treatment in rice field; From November to March, the total nitrogen content of overground part was higher than that of underground part; From August to March, The total nitrogen concentrations of Coptis in overground part in dryland and uncultivated field under each treatment were higher than that of the underground part.The total phosphorus content of Coptis fertilizer application was increased rapidly,and began a slow decline from November to March,it's show that Coptis is in a rapid growth period and Strong metabolism during June and November. Effects of fertilizer application on the total phosphorus content of Coptis have little difference, fertilization on phosphorus uptake by small in coptis.Effects of different fertilizer treatments on total potassium content of Coptis overground and underground part the overall trend is the same in different periods. Different fertilizer treatments could significantly improve the total potassium content of Coptis overground and underground part, N2P2K2 the highest, N2P2K0 minimum.The total potassium content of Coptis overground part in rice field was highest in June,August and November followed, March minimum; the total potassium content of Coptis underground part in rice field was highest in June, November followed,August and March minimum.The total potassium content of Coptis in dryland and uncultivated field was highest in November, August followed, March minimum. The total potassium content of Coptis overground part in rice field was higher than that underground part in August,November and March except June. The total potassium content of Coptis overground part in dryland and uncultivated field was higher than that nderground part in August,November and March.Accumulation characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Coptis in rice field,dryland and uncultivated field was different.In different growth periods, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of parts of coptis are expressed as N> K> P. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole plant view, nitrogen mainly concentrated in the overground part of coptis, phosphorus mainly concentrated in the underground part of coptis,potassium mainly concentrated in the overground part of coptis.4. Compared with N0P0K0, Each treatment are different degrees of increase of content of Coptis Alkaloids,Which N2P2K2,N2P2K1 increase the most obviously of Coptis alkaloids,N0P2K2 and N2P2K0 increase hardly of coptis alkaloids.In the same fertilization treatment,Trend of content of Coptis Alkaloids in different periods:The content of Coptis Alkaloids are expressed as underground part> overground part;The content of Coptis Alkaloid showed an upward trend from June to November, The content of Coptis Alkaloid decreased from November to March.5. Compared with N0P0K0, Each treatment are different degrees of increase of content of Coptis Berberine,Which N2P2K2,N2P2K1 increase the most obviously of content of Coptis Berberine,N0P2K2 and N2P2K0 increase hardly of content of Coptis Berberine.In the same fertilization treatment,Trend of content of Coptis Berberine in different periods:the content of Coptis Berberine varied between 0.6%-3.6% in different growth period, it is different that the content of Coptis Berberine varied between 5.5% in pharmacopoeia,but Coptis seedlings transplanted just one year,which in early growth days,and the content of Coptis Berberine in accumulation phase; The content of Coptis Berberine are expressed as underground part>overground part;The content of Coptis Berberine showed an upward trend from June to November, The content of Coptis Berberine decreased from November to March,It was consistent with the trend of content of Coptis Alkaloids. |
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