| With the purpose of making rational use of cultivation techniques of plastic film mulch , this expriment use the two factors Randomizde Block Design, selecte ordinary plastic film, biodegradable film and liquid film covering in annual period, fallow period and growth period to conduct an locating experiment of researching the rainfall harvesting planting during two consecutive years in Weibei Highland of Shaanxi. Through studying the effects of different plastic film mulching on soil moisture in 0-200cm depth soil fertilizer in 0-60cm depth, growth, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat, The following conclusions are reached:1. The results demonstrated that different treatments all increased the soil water storage 0-200cm of space in varying degrees. The three kinds of covering mode has the similar tendency. Effects of different plastic film mulching on soil water storage were ordered as follow: biodegradable film> ordinary plastic film > liquid film, .There were no different of biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film, but the two significantly better than liquid film. As for the 3 kinds of covering mode, annual covering and fallow covering can significantly increase soil water storage of sowing dates, biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film were the most outstanding varieties, the average soil water storage in sowing dates of XS and XD treatment has increased by 27.23% and 26.10% compared with CK, and SS and DD treatment also has increased by 27.23% and 26.10%.This demonstrates that modes of annual covering and fallow covering have a better effect on soil water storage of sowing dates,the two can make a good preparation before sowing which is very important to the growth of winter wheat.2. Different plastic film mulching can regulate soil moisture space - time distribution. Biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film showed perfect effect of preserving the moisture of the soil, they can significantly increase the soil moisture, and expression of liquid film was unstable, it has no significant differences compared with CK. As for different covering modes, annual covering mode and fallow covering mode have significant effect on increasing soil water storage in sowing date compared with growth covering mode. In the mode of annual covering ,the treatment of SS and DD can enhance soil moisture in sowing date by 15.9% and 15.7%,respectively; In the mode of fallow covering, biodegradable film treatment and ordinary plastic film treatment have enhanced by 12.2%,12.4%.All treatments in three kinds of covering modes have the similar tendency, soil moisture in 0-80cm depth was easily influenced by rainfall, from jointing to filling, 140-160cm soil water content is lowest, and 60-80cm is highest. Influenced by rainfall, the peak soil water content appear at topsoil.3 The results demonstrated that different treatments all increased the nutrient utilization efficiency in 0-60cm depth in varying degrees. The soil organic matter content of different plastic film mulching were ordered as follow: ordinary plastic film > liquid film >biodegradable film, reduction range of biodegradable film in growth covering mode is 15.7%,which is the most lowest.It is show that biodegradable film can enhance organic matter utilization efficiency. As far as covering mode is concerned, the soil organic matter content of growth covering mode is lowest, and annual covering mode is highest.4. Covering different types of plastic film can significantly promote the growth of winter wheat, and plant height at different growth stages of winter wheat and dry matter accumulation were increased effectively, biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film showed best, but there were no significant difference between the two treatment. The performences of liquid film have a huge variance in different growth stages. As for the covering mode, annual covering mode have the most significant effect on increasing plant height and dry matter accumulation soil water storage in different growth stages compared with fallow covering and growth covering mode.5 By analyzing the winter wheat yield in different covering mode of two consecutive years, the resuilt shows that: three kinds of Plastic Film Mulching all can increased the yield of winter wheat in varying degrees. Biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film showed perfect effect of increasing production,and expression of liquid film was unstable, it has no significant differences compared with CK. In the mode of annual covering, the yield of biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film have increased by 30.46%,35.99% and 45.56%,36.56%, in 2008-2009 years and 2009-2010 years. In the mode of growth covering, the range of increasing production of biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film is 28.95,22.44% and 21.97%,23.53%,respectively. In the mode of fallow covering, increase by 25.04 %,20.45% and 9.42%,33.15%. Annual covering mode have the most significant effect.6 Two years study revealed that different treatments all increased the water utilization efficiency of winter wheat. Biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film showed significant differences compared with CK,but liquid film except. In the mode of annual covering, water utilization efficiency of biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film have increased by 9.48%,8.89% and 24.22%,30.82% in 2008-2009 years and 2009-2010 years. In the mode of growth covering, the range of increasing production of biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film is 34.32%,13.96% and 16.92%,16.15%,respectively. In the mode of fallow covering, increase by 10.51%,11.83% and 18.69%,20.06%.7 By analyzing different covering treatments of two consecutive years, the resuilt shows that: Biodegradable film and ordinary plastic film showed the same and perfect effect of preserving the moisture of the soil,they can significantly increase the yield , water and nutrient utilization efficiency,also can promote the growth of winter wheat . Biodegradable film has ecological benefits because of easily degradable,showing it can replace the normal application of film in production。As for the covering mode, annual covering mode have the most significant effect of preserving the moisture of the soil and increasing the yield , different covering mode did not show significant effect on nutrient utilization efficiency and further studies are required. |
PDF Full Text Request