Effects Of Application Of Green Manure With Chemical Fertilizer On Growth And Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco

In recent years,the application of organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer has been regarded by the tobacco researchers,and the effect of green manure on tobacco production is also more and more obvious.But the viewpoints of appropriate proportion are different for different ecosystem environment,and the reasonable exploitation method of green manure needs further research,especially the research of application of green manure with chemical fertilizer on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the area of Panxi has not been reported.Therefore,the effects of application of different types of green manure and different proportions with chemical fertilizer on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied on the condition of same nitrogen and phosphor and potassium fertilizer by taking field experiment as study method and using chemical fertilizer as comparison.And the rich-potassium green manure Amaranthus, nitrogen fixation green manure Vicia villosa routh var.& Pisum sativun L.and chemical fertilizer with proportion of 3:7,5:5 and 7:3 were applied on tobacco.The principal results were as follows:1.Due to the application of green manure with chemical fertilizer,the rosette stage and strengtrly growing stage were brought forward 2～6d,and tobacco leaf mature stage was delayed 3～11d,the height of plant,the number of available leaf per plant,the length of leaf and the width of the middle part of leaf were increased.The differences of the effect of different green manure on flue-cured tobacco growth periods were not obvious,but the differences of agronomical characteristics were significant(p＜0.05). Compared to the treatment of CK,the length of leaf increased 9.67%after the application of green manure Amaranthus with chemical fertilizer.The height of plant,the number of available leaf per plant and the width of the middle leaf were increased after the application of green manure smooth vetch with chemical fertilizer.The differences of the effect of different proportions on flue-cured tobacco growth periods and agronomical characteristics were significant(p＜0.05).With the increment of proportion of green manure,the tobacco leaf mature stage was deferred,and the height of plant,the number of available leaf per plant and the width of the middle leaf reduced.Generally speaking, the application of Smooth vetch with chemical fertilizer under the proportion of 3:7 (treatment of GA) could promote root growth and leaf mature,and the agronomical characteristic of tobacco plant was perfect.2.The increase tendency of dry matter accumulation process looked like the shape of S,and the dynamic changes curve of dry matter accumulative intensity presented like the shape of parabola.Compared to the treatment of CK,the application of green manure Amaranthus and Smooth vetch with chemical fertilizer could promote the accumulative intensity in flue-cured tobacco of its mid stage,and dry matter accumulation amount of root,stem and leaf increased 3.88%～15.31%,8.04%～20.26%and 3.75%～15.11%. Dry matter accumulative intensity of root in flue-cured tobacco of its mid stage increased 11.48%,but dry matter accumulation amount of root,stem and leaf were decreased 5.26%,1.05%and 4.72%under application of green manure Pisum sativun L.with chemical fertilizer.The dry matter accumulation amount increased 10.39%～16.40%, 4.63%～8.75%under the proportion of green manure Pisum sativun L of 3:7 and 5:5,but the difference between CK and the proportion of 7:3 was not significant.3.The differences of the effects of different green manures and proportions on production and economic performance of flue-cured tobacco were significant(p＜0.05). The production and economic performance reduced along with the increment of green manures' proportion,and in the order of Amaranthus＞Smooth vetch＞Pisum sativun L.The application of 30%green manure Amaranthus with chemical fertilizer could increase the amount of orange color leaf,the denseness of its color and oil proportion, reduce the waste,and make the structure loosen,keep the body medium and the maturity well.The production increase proportion was from 4.32%to 27.77%,the rate of tobacco leaf in middle and first classes was the biggest(81.55%),and the production value reached 25761yuan/hm~2,the average price was highest.4.The differences of chemical components between the treatment application of green manure with chemical fertilizer and treatment of CK were significant(p＜0.05). Compared to the treatment of CK,the total nitrogen and protein contents were reduced 8.29%～10.03%and 10.56%～14.42%,the K,Cl,total sugar and reducing sugar contents were increased 3.8%～24.6%,23.47%～27.66%,3.51%～12.98%, 10.85%～18.88%,the nicotine contents in low leaf were increased 2.41%～8.87%,and up leaf reduced 2.20%～12.07%.And the nicotine contents in middle leaf were different according to different types of green manure and different proportions.The differences of K,total nitrogen,nicotine and protein contents of tobacco leaf under application of different types of green manure with chemical fertilizer were significant,and it showed that the four chemical constituents from high to low were under the application of Amaranthus,Smooth vetch and Pisum sativun L.in order.The sugar and Cl contents in middle and up leaf were increased obviously under the application of Amaranthus with chemical fertilizer,and in low leaf were reduced obviously under the application of Smooth vetch with chemical fertilizer.The difference of total sugar,reducing sugar, total nitrogen,nicotine,protein and Cl contents were obviously under different green manure proportions,and all increased with the increment of proportion of green manure. K contents in middle and low leaf was increased with 30%green manure,however, 50%and 70%green manure could promote the K contents in up and upper leaf.5.With application of green manure with chemical fertilizer,the harmony of chemical components was reinforced,the impact of tobacco leaf and taste of cigarette were increased,and the quality of tobacco leaf was improved.Compared to the treatment of CK,the N/nicotine,K/Cl and the difference of two sugars in low and lower leaves were reduced under the application of green manure with chemical fertilizer. The N/nicotine was from 0.70 to 0.91,all K/Cl were bigger than 4,mostly bigger than 10,the difference of two sugars was lower than 5%.The sugar/nicotine and schmuck's were improved,and all sugar/nicotine were lower than 10,schmuck's was from 1.73 to 2.35.The N/nicotine,K/Cl and the difference of two sugars were reduced after the application of nitrogen fixation green manure with chemical fertilizer.The sugar /nicotine and schmuck' were reduced after the application of Amaranthus with chemical fertilizer.With the increase of organic nitrogen proportions,the N/nicotine,K/Cl and the distinctness of two sugars reduced,sugar/nicotine and schmuck' increased.The coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaf was perfect under application of 30%Amaranthus(the treatment of ZA) with chemical fertilizer.6.The bulk density and pH of soil were decreased by 0.043～0.115 g/cm~3 and 0.1～0.8,and its whole porosity increased 1.37%～4.32%,and the fertility were increased differently after the application of green manure with chemical fertilizer.Compared to the treatment of CK,the available K amount in soil for tobacco planting was increased 17.15%by the application of rich-potassium green manure Amaranthus.With the increase of green manure proportion and the decrease of available P amount in soil,the amount of organic matter,total nitrogen,available N,K and Cl were increased gradually.