| The forest as the corpus of eco-system has the function to can not act for in Supporting ecosystembalance and improving an ecoenvironment. The public-spirited effects of forest were better embodiedunder the circumstance that the natural resources in the world is tended to dried up and theecoenvironment worsens day by day at these days. However,how to evaluate various efficiency of thepublic welfare forest constucts scientificly and reasonably? How to build up evaluating standard andindex sign system which is scientific, systemic and exercisable?And adopt what methods,etc. All ofthese are the problem urgently needed to study to reach agreement definitely at present.Consequently,in this study we will take the public welfare forest in Shengzhou for example to try todo some exploratory work in this area.The purpose is to provide information for the government totake action in the future. At the same time to provide a basis for public welfare forest compersationsystem.We do some analysis on the distribution of public welfare forest resources in Shengzhou on thebase of the situation of it.The results show that the protective forest is the primary forestcategory;broad-leaved forest is the primary forest stand; mature and young forest is the primary agegroup; crown density was high,the growth rate of biomass was high。There was also some problemsuch as the constitution of forest types was reasonable,the area of mid-maturation forest and youngforest was a little large and the quality forest stand was generally poor etc.The total biomass is 3,745,500t, the average biomass per unit area is 98.57t/hm2 in Shengzhou in2009. Environmental factor have a deep influence influential on the biomass per unit area of thepublic welfare forest.This study made an analysis about the influence of altitude,slope degree, slopedirection and the thickness of the soil on the biomass. the biomass per unit area As the rise of altitudethe biomass per unit area shows a first increased and then decreased trend.For the the public welfareforest in Shengzhou, the elevation 200-400m was the optimal altitude for the biomass;so do east andwest slopes. 35 degrees slope was abrupt slope for the site conditions in Shengzhou. The ecologicalbenefits of public welfare forest was the lowest under this circumstance,for it is not good for soil andwater conservation. Soil thickness is one of the important factors that have a deep influence onbiomas.The biomas rise quickly with Soil thickness.We made an evaluation on ecological benefits on Shengzhou Public Welfare forest based onbiomass survey with the method of market substitution method,shadow project method,Expendituremethod,carbon tax method and industrial oxygen method etc. The results showed that the quantity ofwater conservation,carbon fixing and oxygen releasing, soil conservation, nutrients accumulation and energy storage were 44.07 million m3·a-1,47.8 thousand t·a-1,137.9 thousand t·a-1,16152.5 thousandt·a-1 and 635.5 thousand MJ·a-1; according to the unit capacity of reservoir construction 6.11yuan·t-1,water purification 2.09 yuan·t-1, carbon fixing 1.2 thousand yuan·t-1,oxygen releasing1 thousandyuan·t-1, excavating unit area soil 12.60 yuan·t-1,the price of fertilizer diammonium (nitrogen14.0%,phosphorus 15.01%)2.4 thousand yuan·t-1,the price of fertilizer potassium chloride (potassium50.0%)2.2 thousand yuan·t-1, organic matter320 yuan·t-1,origin price in China's coal carbon netsdata200 yuan·t-1,( calorific capacity of coa21l thousand MJ·t-1) and the price of seven levels ofShannon-Wiener index(see 4.1.6),the total value of ecological benefits above were 361millionyuan,504 million yuan,163 million yuan,23 million yuan,852 million yuan,605 million yuan.We made an assessment on amount of substance and price on ecosystem functions of differentforest types abourt 23 towns in Shengzhou.It was based on the long-term,successive,locatedobservation on foresty ecosystem in Shengzhou and forest inventory in 2009 in Shengzhou wasadopted. And it used the forestry industry standard of the People's Republic of China<evaluationnorms of forest ecosystem service function>.The results show that in ten forest ecosystemfunctions,Gulai town,Yahuang town,Yanhu town and Beizhang town's amount of substance ofecosystem functions were generally higer than other towns;Huangze town,Jingting towm,Sanjie townand Guimen town's amount of substance of ecosystem functions were generally lower than othertowns. The total value of energy storage, carbon fixing and oxygen releasing and water conservationtook a part of 80.78%,which showed that these three functions occupied an important position in thetotal value of ecosystem services,and were main ecological function in Shengzhou forest.Gulai townhad the highest ecological value and Yanhu the lowest.On the base of vast of research and experiment,we can see the public welfare forest ecologicalbenefits in Shengzhou was generally good and of course existed some problems.Such as theproportion of coniferous forest was too big leading to affect the whole public welfare forest ecologicalsystem's benefits; the proportion of young forest was too big,forest structure was not rational;theecological benefits in every towns were generally northeast higher than southwest,regionaldistribution of ecological benefit was not balanced.In the future public welfare forest construction,weshould on the one hand strengthening infrastructure of public welfare forest,on the other handperfecting detection mechanism, especially attaching importance to the transform from coniferousforest(including mixed forest) to deciduous forest in key ecological location forest so as to acceleratedeciduous process.The overall trend of the forest ecosystems was monitored for lay the firmfoundation of the implementation of effective and feasible measures to protect the ecologicalenvironment,by identified region general situation of public welfare forest resources andaccumulation data. |
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