Some Pharmacology And Toxicity Of Three Prescriptions From Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia

It is of important significance to investigate the pharmacologic and toxicologic actions of Chinese herbal medicinal prescriptions for confirming the potency and safety of the drug and guiding clinical application. Qingjie Mixture (QM), Chulijing Powder (CP) and Jupi Powder (JP) are the three classic prescriptions recorded by 2005 edition of Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia. QM possesses the heat-clearing and detoxicating function and the indication of toxic heat syndrome caused by by chicken colibacillus. CP has the action of clearing toxic heat and astringing the bowels to stop diarrhea and the indication of pullorum disease in chicken. JP, with the effect of regulating Qi to alleviate pain and warming the middle-jiao to dispel pathogenic cold, is used to treat the psychroalgia in horse and cattle.In this research, the bacteriostasis in vitro of QM and CJ for pathogenic Chicken Colibacillus and Salmonella, the effect of JP on gastrointestinal motion and acute and subchronic toxicity of three prescriptions were determined. The purpose of this research was to offer the theoretical evidence for confirming the potency and safety of these prescriptions.Test 1. Studies on bacteriostasis in vitro and common toxicity of QM The inhibition zone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentraton (MIC) of QM to O2, O18 and O78 type of Colibacillus and C79-13 type of Salmonella were determined by plate process and test tube method. In acute toxicity test, because the minimal lethal dose (MID) and median lethal dose LD50 of QM for mice could not be measured out, its largest administration dosage was determined. In subchronic toxicity test, the effects of QM on growth rate, haematological and serumal biochemical index, organ growth and their histologic change of mice were observed after the mice were intragastrically administrated with QM at high, middle and low dosage for 2 successive weeks. The results showed that the diameter of inhibition zones of QM to O2, O18 and O78 type of Colibacillus and C79-13 type of Salmonella were less than 10 mm and their MICs were 500 mg/ml, the largest administration dosage for mice was 400 g/kg. After 14-days continuous intragastric administration respectively at 100,33.3,10 g/kg, the weight gain was slightly affected, RBC and HB in high and medium dose groups reduced significantly, AST and ALT in high dose group decreasd significantly, hepatocyte and renal tubular epithelial cell in high dose group presented blister and granular degeneration respectively. On day 14 after drug withdrawal, all the indexs recovered to normal except that ALT in three dose groups were higher than that in control group. These indicated that QM possesssed weak bacteriostasis in vitro and its efficacy was not dependent on antibacterial activity exclusively. QM was nontoxic and safe in clinical application and without subchronic toxicity on the whole.Test 2. Studies on bacteriostasis in vitro and common toxicity of CP The inhibition zone diameter and MIC of CJ to C79-13 type of Salmonella and O2, O18 and O78 type of Colibacillus were were determined by plate process and test tube method. In acute toxicity test, the largest administration dosage of CJ for mice was determined since its MID and LD50 could not be measured out. In subchronic toxicity test, the mice were intragastrically administrated with CJ at high, middle and low dosage for 2 successive weeks, the effects on growth rate, haematological and serumal biochemical index, organ growth and their histologic change of mice were observed. The results showed that the diameter of inhibition zone of CJ to C79-13 type of Salmonella and 3 types of Colibacillus were less than 10 mm, the MIC to C79-13 type of Salmonella and 3 types of Colibacillus were 62.5 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml respectively, and the largest administration dosage for mice was 160 g/kg. After intragastric administration respectively at 40,13.3,4 g/kg for 14 continuous days, there were not significant effect on weight gain and organ development, RBC in medium dose group reduced significantly, hepatocyte cell in high dose group presented blister degeneration. On day 14 after drug withdrawal, all the indexs recovered to normal. These indicated that CJ had bacteriostasis to C79-13 type of Salmonella. CJ was nontoxic, safety in clinical application and without obvious subchronic toxicity.Test 3. Studies on effects on gastrointestinal motion and common toxicity of JP The effects of JP on gastrointestinal motion were observed by test of rabbit intestinal canal motion in vitro, mice gastric evacuation and intestinal driving motion. In acute toxicity test, because the MID and LD50 of JP could not be measured out, the largest administration dosage of JP for mice was determined. In subchronic toxicity test, the mice were intragastrically administrated with JP at high, middle and low dosage for 2 successive weeks, the growth rate, haematological and serumal biochemical index, organ growth and their histologic change of mice were observed. The results showed that JP at high concentration inhibitted and at low concentration excited rabbit intestinal canal motion in vitro. JP at low dose could promote gastric evacuation in mice. The largest administration dosage for mice was 240 g/kg. After continuous intragastric administration respectively at 6, 20,60 g/kg for 14 days, there were not significant effect on weight gain and organ development, all physiological and biochemical indexes were normal, and in high dose group the hepatocytes swell and renal interstitium hyperemia occurred. On day 14 after drug withdrawal, all indexes recovered to normal. These indicated that JP could regulated gastrointestinal motility in two-ways to produce regulating qi and alleviating pain. JP had not acute toxicity and was safe in clinical application and without obvious subchronic toxicity.