Study On Crossing Effect Of Wenchang And Princess Chicken And Their Related Meat Quanlity Traits

Three combinations, namely Wenchang chicken♂×Wenchang chicken♀, Wenchang chicken♂×Princess chicken♀, and Princess chicken♂×Princess chicken♀were built to study the crossing effect of Wenchang and Princess chickens by evaluating the differences in growth performance, carcass performance, body traits and meat quality, blood biochemical parameters, trace elements, inosinice acid(IMP) and its related nucleotide acids among crossed combinations and its parents in this experiment. One hundred and twenty chickens with 1-day-old were selected from every combination and divided into three repeated groups of 20 birds each (male and female in half). The totally 360 chickens were raised for 17 weeks. The results showed that:1. Growth and carcass performance(1) Growth performance:body weight of three groups followed decreasing as an order of Wenchang chicken (♂1933.5 g/♀1708.6g), the Hybrid chicken (♂1716 g/♀1490.5 g) and Princess chicken (♂1340.5 g/♀1153.1 g) at 17 weeks, and the difference was significant in the same gender (P<0.01). Feed conversion showed the order of Princess chicken (♂4.16/♀4.18)> Hybrid chicken (♂3.86/♀4.02)> Wenchang chicken (♂3.49/♀3.64). The difference among the three kind of chichen was significant (P<0.05).(2) Body measurements: There were no significant difference in the chest depth(P>0.05), shank girth between Wenchang cock and Hybrid cock, but compared with the Wenchang cock and hybrid cock, the chest depth and shank girth of Princess cock was smaller (P<0.05). The difference among three combinations in shank diameter, chest width and shank girth was significant with the decreasing values of Wenchang hen (10.52 cm,6.56 cm,3.86 cm)> Hybrid hen (9.88 cm,5.30 cm,3.65 cm)> Princess hen (9.21 cm,4.74 cm,3.50 cm). A great majority of body traits in cock were higher than in hen. the other traits did not show significant difference (P>0.05).(3) Carcass performance: The difference of abdominal fat rate among the three kind of hens was extremely significant(P<0.01); the rate of breast muscle, leg muscle and wing weights were significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01) among the three groups of male. The cocks of Hybrid chicken had the highest rate of leg muscle, while the cocks of Princess chicken had the highest rate of breast muscle and wing weights. The abdominal fatty rate level was highest in Wenchang chicken (9.15%), while Hybrid chicken (8.69%)and Princess chicken (5.77%)were lower. The three combinations of hens had relatively higher intermuscular fat width and subcutaneous fat thickness, and they were Wenchang chicken (0.97cm,0.89cm), hybrid chicken (1.42cm,1.03cm) and Princess Chicken (1.17cm,0.77cm) respectively. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Other traits were not significant among three groups (P>0.05).the combinations of dressed,semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, leg muscle weights, breast muscle weights, wing weights were significant or extremely significant difference among the comparisons, and the Wenchang chicken was highest, followed by Hybrid chicken, and the last was Princess chicken.2. Meat qulity(1) Sensory values: pH value and Shear force were not significant difference among the three combinations in breast muscle (P>0.05), but the shear force of thigh muscle was significant difference in each group (P<0.05).(2) The contents of CP, water and minerals were not significantly difference in breast and thigh muscle of the combinations, however, the difference between male and female was significant (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat of breast muscle was highest in Wenchang chicken (cock5.09% /hen6.51%), and successively decreased in other combinations of Hybrid chicken (cock 4.64%/ hen 6.20%), Princess chicken (cock 3.23%/ hen 3.56%). The difference was significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01) among the same sex. The comparison of thigh muscle of intramuscular fat of groups showed that Wenchang chicken (cock 9.97%/ hen 13.42%) was highest , then the Hybrid chicken (cock 9.19%/ hen 13.69%) and Princess chicken (cock 5.70%/ hen 7.79%). The difference was extremely significant among the same sex (P<0.01).(3) Fiber characters: The of muscle fiber density in thigh muscle of the cocks (Wenchang cock:730.66±17.26 root/mm2;Princess cock:495.66±31.79 root /mm2;Hybrid cock:632.42±82.04 root /mm2) was significantly difference (P<0.05), while the fiber diameter and other comparisons was not significantly different (P>0.05) among the three combinations.(4)Trace elements: Every combination had its corresponding elements which content were the highest. the content of Sex (breast muscle 0.26μg/g,thigh muscle 0.31μg/g) and Cu (breast muscle 0.43μg/g,thigh muscle 0.96μg/g) were higher than the Wenchang chicken and Princess chicken; the As (breast muscle 0.05μg/g,thigh muscle 0.08μg/g) Level was highest in Princess chicken; while the most concentration of Zn (breast muscle 6.96μg/g, thigh muscle 23.11μg/g) and Fe (breast muscle 50.96μg/g, thigh muscle 80.78μg/g) were measured in Wenchang chicken. Most of mineral elements in thigh muscle were higher than in breast muscle. (5) Inosinice acid(IMP)and its related nucleotide acids: IMP(2.904 mg/g) and IMPe (4.062 mg/g) content of pectoralis muscle in Princess chicken were significantly highter (P<0.01) than Wenchang chicken (2.210 mg/g,3.617 mg/g) and Hybrid chichen (2.299 mg/g, 3.779mg/g),and also concentrations of thigh muscles were not significant differences (P>0.05) among the three breeds. IMP and IMPe contents in pectoralis muscle were extremely highter(P<0.01)than in thigh muscle.In the whole analyzes, the IMP, IMPe content of hen was higher than that of cook.3. Blood biochemical parametersTriglyceride (0.93 mmol/L), cholesterol (1.28 mmol/L), total protein (39.53 mg/mL), albumin (17.78 g/L) and superoxide sismutase (41.01 U/mL) content were the highest in Wenchang chicken. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase (40.86 U/100mL) was the highest in Princess chicken. In the age of comparison, content of glucose in 120 days was higher than in 90 days, alkaline phosphatase content in 120 days was lower than in 90 days. Comprehensive consideration, the genetic markers of intramuscular fat of muscle are triglyceride and superoxide sismutase.